MEDIA AUDIENCE EXERCISE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MEDIA AUDIENCE EXERCISE - Essay Example As a function of this particular analysis, the widely popular news and opinion site the â€Å"Drudge Report† will be analyzed. Although it is true that this particular is most certainly biased and represents a far right of center outlook on the world, is the understanding of this particular analyst that the skewed worldview that it represents fosters is essential in helping to apply the theories of Habermas and Lunt; as they relate to â€Å"media publics† and the means through which they are fostered and represented within current society. At the heart of understanding and appreciating either Habermas or Lunt’s approach to theory is an appreciation for the way in which the communication process itself takes place. Bias and point of view takes the place of objectivistic reason and a level of ethos is inherently present. Within this line of understanding, the â€Å"Drudge Report† offers up a seemingly incessant stream of opinion based â€Å"facts† that serve to confirm and promote the worldview of those that frequent the site. Ultimately, the media public that is being created within this particular case is somewhat unique with respect to many other media publics that exists within the realm of news (McQuail 57) What is meant by this is that the â€Å"news† items that are promoted and presented to the reader of the â€Å"Drudge Report† serve the function of confirming a particular world view; rather than merely presenting the news itself (Lunt 88). Although this is certainly true for m any of the media publics that exist within the current model, it is most certainly the case for the news items that seemingly perpetually recycle themselves on the Drudge Report. As a result of the political orientation and focus that the site promotes, the main source of engagement and/or the media public that is created is defined by a demographic that is largely white, Christian, and middle class. Whereas with any media

Consumer Behaviour In Hotel Industry Marketing Essay

Consumer Behaviour In Hotel Industry Marketing Essay Understanding of customers as well as customer behaviour is the key success factor in marketplace, either nationally or internationally. Consumer behaviour refers to the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society (Hawkins et al., 2010). Hawkins et al. (1992) defined it as a process of a study of economic, social psychology, sociology as well as cultural anthropology in order to endeavours to understand the customer purchasing and lifestyle. The basic requirement for operating a business is to build, retain and satisfying customers. Lack of understanding consumer behavior will lead to difficulty in retain and satisfying (Kim et al., 2001). For instances, a new chain hotelier need to has the capability in understanding the current as well as future behaviour of consumers. It is essential for a new chain hotelier to expect the prospective increase in customers demanding for future, food and beverage services in certain area and the number of rooms. 2.8 Consumer Behaviour in Hotel Industry Hospitality is a unique industry provides a range of substantial products as well as insubstantial services, for example accommodation, atmosphere, food and drink and spa service. Thus, consumer behaviour is predominantly complicated and significant towards hotel industry. Prominently, hotel industry is highlighted on customer experience and customer experience in great extent straight influence customers feelings, attitudes, and buying intentions. Consequently, lead to a subsequent behaviour (Whitford, 1998). Hospitality experience is particularly broad and diverse. It will be different from customer to customer for instance leisure guests behaviour is different from business. Hotel tends to develop and monitor visitor understanding to make positive relative relationship with consumers as potential guests spill major consideration on satisfaction and experience when decide on a hotel. According to Zeithamal et al (2003), customer satisfaction could give rise to guest loyalty. However, Kotler et al., (2003), Reid Bojanic (2009) argue that customer not necessarily will revisit again due to the variable of customers expectations even though when a customer is satisfied with high hotel experience quality delivered. For example, a customer is prefers to look for something new and fresh as he or she is bored of the hotel he or she used to stay. Besides, customers expectation most likely influence by pre- purchased form of hotel industry in some extent. Hence, hotel customers have valid reasons and right to select the hotel rather than the hotels competitors and revisit over and over again only if the hotelier understanding customers behaviour and providing constant satisfaction (Keller, 1993). Customer is a key player for an organization. Every successful business is customer driven. Therefore, marketing is the method to build long term relationship with customers. This is the key intention of the organization towards the customer (Kotler, 1983). In other words, profit maximisation is the fundamental objective to run a business, whilst customer is the key source of profit, thus with the purpose of achieve competitive advantage in market place, the organisation should position customer in priority place, which to great extent based on understanding customers and their behaviour. An organisation will find hard to sustain if they ignore the important of understand customer behaviour (Kim et al., 2001). Hawkings et al., (2010) defined customer behaviour as the study of organisations, individuals, or groups also the procedure they employ to dispose, secure, use and select of services, experiences, products, or ideas to satisfy requirements as well as the consequences on the cus tomer and society that result from these processes. As stated previously, customer behaviour is particularly complicate in hotel industry because of some natures of hospitality. Vitally, customers understanding are given by both intangible services and tangible products. The example of intangible services such as spa treatment or atmosphere while tangible products such as food and beverage or accommodation. The feelings, emotion and purchase intention of customers could affect the quality of consumers experience whereby can be variable also different from one to another. As a result it increase difficulties of monitoring and control (Whitford, 1998). Meanwhile, customers satisfaction may shattered by the advance payment approach of hospitality industry due to the expectation gap in their psychological value. On the whole, customer loyalty could be vitally affected by consumer satisfaction but this interrelation is not typified in hospitality industry (Zeithamal et al., 2003).That is a chance that customers may decide not to revisit al though the hotel meet their requirement and achieve satisfaction. This is due to the same products or services provide. For the reason, customers are desire for new environment and they might tire with the hotel they often stayed with (Kotler et al., 2003, Reid Bojanic, 2009). As a result, Keller (1993) claimed that customers are motivated with valid reason to faithful to some hotel, which possibly will enhance profitability for the hotel company provided that they presenting constant satisfaction by clearly understanding consumersbehaviour (Bowen Shoemaker, 1998). Profitability would accelerate approximately 100% if that is given rise of five percent consumer retention. Furthermore, the cost of obtaining new consumer is much more expensive (Reicheld and Sasser, 1990). Primary data Primary data is the first- hand experience collected from the research. Primary data has the greatest originality characteristic where hardly to be modified by human beings and has not been published yet which is including observations, interview and questionnaire (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). Besides, primary data has it owns greater validity in which it is generally right when the secondary is unavailable or insufficient to respond the research question (Ghauri, 2005). However, it is time consuming and costly to collect primary data due to the limitation of sources for primary data. Secondary data Secondary data is the second-hand data which is collected by someone else others for some other purposes instead of the researcher including both raw data (such as, organisationsdatabases, payroll details) and published summaries (such as, journals, periodicals) (Saunders et al, 2003). The advantages of secondary data are the variety of sources and it is easy to access. The reliability and validity of secondary data are lower than primary data due to it can be easily obtained and manipulated by human beings. Having judged advantages and disadvantages of the two types of data, and according to the purpose of the study, primary data will be collected through a questionnaire to investigate customers opinion about their which can attract them come back to the hotel. In spite of many difficulties may faced when collecting primary data, it is still perceived as the most reliable and authentic source of data (Ghauri, 2005). The questionnaire is deemed most frequently used strategy in busine ss and management research as it enables the researcher to economically collect a large amount of data from a sizeable population as well as easily explain and compare. As for the question design, according to Saunders (2003), close question is usually quicker and easier to answer, as minimal writing required; hence all questions in this survey are close-ended designed. Two types of closed question are employed the questionnaire: category and rating questions. For one thing, category questions are used for the first part of the questionnaire to ask personal information including gender, age, occupation, nationality, as well as income. In the mean time, having considered the age and income relate to individual privacy, the question is only asking the age group and income range instead of specific figures. Individual information is necessary simply because these attributes will significantly affect their hotel choice and preference. Also, category questions still applied to the second part which about respondents behavior towards hotel choice and reasons, since category question are suitable for behaviour or attributes (Saunders et al., 2003). The thi rd portion is in regard to respondents opinion and suggestion towards the special reason or some advice for the Jingdu Hotel. Therefore, the Likert-style rating scale with five point are appropriate for third section, as what Saunders (2003) suggested, opinion data is most frequently collected by rating questions, especially Likert- style rating scale, in which the respondent is asked their agreement level. A ranking question will not be taken into account, as it usually takes relatively longer time to finish by asking the respondent to place thing in rank order. Additionally, a covering letter will be accompanied to explain the solo academic purpose of the survey and express gratitude for their kind corporation. Dillman (2000) suggests the covering letter could to some extent improve the respondent rate. According to Sekaran and Bougie (2010), sampling is the process of selecting a sufficient number of the right elements from the population. It is to great extent influence the effectiveness of the research. This research is concerned with the customer loyalty strategies in Jingdu Hotel, and the questionnaire aims to investigate customers preference towards the Jingdu hotel. Hence, the population would be all customers who have experienced or attempt to have an experience in this hotel. According to Saunders (2003), non- probability sampling is most practical for exploratory research when the sample size is ambiguous and unsuitable for probability sampling. In this study, in order to improve the effectiveness of the survey result, the sample size has been limited to customers who have stayed with international hotel chains, since those customers may better understand the international hotel companies than those people have no international hotel experience. At the same time, the conve nience sampling will be employed to conduct the survey, as it can quickly and easily obtain the sample (Saunders, 2003). Specifically, questionnaire will be sent to these customers who are already joining this hotel when they are checking-in or checking out to ensure the validity and reliability of the answers. 3.5 Reliability and Validity It is critical to evaluate the reliability and the validity to minimise the error when carrying out the research (Saunders et al., 2003). Since this research will collect primary date through questionnaire, factors may affect reliability and validity will be the questionnaire design, structure of the questionnaire, sampling, and the respondents. 3.5.1 Reliability According to Joppe (2000), reliability often refers to the extent of the results are stable over time, whether the procedures of collecting data, as well as the findings are consistent. Kirk and Miler (1986) identify three factors of the reliability in quantitative research, which related to: repeatability, stability, and similarity within a given period of time. Moreover, there are four threats towards reliability mentioned by Robson (2002) that: subject or participant error, subject or participant bias, observer error, as well as observer bias. 3.5.2 Validity According to Saunders et al., (2009), validity is concerned with whether the quality of the research measurement and the research results are trustworthy and scientific. Three types of validity have been defined: construct validity, content validity and criterion-related validity. Wainer and Braun(1988) assert the main validity in quantitative research is construct validity, which refers to the initial concept, notion, question or hypothesis that determines which data is to be gathered and how it is to be gathered. In this research, in order to enhance the validity, the questionnaire was tested carefully to avoid errors owing to ambiguity or misunderstanding. The researcher uses clear instructions and simple wording to ensure that the responses will be valid. At the same time, all questions are close- end type to ease respondents in order to maintain the objectiveness and validity, as according the suggestion from Foddy (1994), closed questions can be relatively easy and efficient to answer from respondents. Additionally, the length of the questionnaire has been controlled to 15 questions to ensure participants who can complete within 5 minutes and hence to avoid the low respondent rate. The covering letter accompanied with the questionnaire to explain the only academic purpose of the investigation and guarantee the confidentiality at the same time. The questionnaire has been improved by a pilot test to ensure the feasibility and avoid ambiguity.

The Transformation of the “Indian Problem” :: Essays Papers

The Transformation of the â€Å"Indian Problem† In this paper, I plan to examine the marked transformation and the history of the so-called â€Å"Indian Problem.† The idea of an â€Å"Indian Problem† began with the arrival of white settlers in North America, and for them, it was a problem of safety, security, and land acquisition. Around 1890, the â€Å"Indian Problem† became an issue of how to help the Indians go extinct humanely, or to assimilate into white culture. The current conception of the â€Å"Indian Problem† started after World War II, and the pursuing civil rights movement. People saw that the Indians weren’t going extinct and that they were keeping their cultures alive, and the â€Å"Indian Problem† shifted to undoing the damage that the policies of the federal government had caused. I will be discussing the fact that the profound problems which characterize the â€Å"Indian Problem† now are a direct result of the actions taken in response to previous conception s of the â€Å"Indian Problem.† The â€Å"Indian Problem† emerged as an issue for white settlers who perceived Indians as savages, as a sub-human race. Because white settlers viewed Indians this way, they thought it was okay to use excessive military force. Through 19th century, this military force was used to conquer Indians and move them from their native lands and resettle them. Sicknesses that the white settlers had brought with them devastated the Indian population because Indians had not encountered these illnesses before, and they had no natural immunity to them. Additionally, white-Indian relations seem as though they were fragile from the start, perhaps with both sides over-reacting at times. Leaders of the new English colonies often used aggression and murder to try to intimidate the Indians into submission, and into giving food to the English. Angered at this treatment, Indians began fighting back, and killing, too. In some instances, the white settlers raided and stole food from the India ns. This worsened the already fractured relations between the two groups. Unprovoked attacks and kidnaping alternated with friendship and trade. From their experiences, Indians realized that these early Europeans were powerful and dangerous people who could not be trusted. However, the Indians had the advantage of sheer numbers and an understanding of the land. For the English, their experiences strengthened their idea that they were superior to these â€Å"savages† in many ways, including culture, technology, societal organization and religion.

Organizational Structure of a Housekeeping Essay

The housekeeping department of a lodging property typically accounts for the business’ largest labor expense. Executive Level Most hotel housekeeping departments are led by an executive housekeeper. This employee is typically a member of the executive team. In smaller properties, he reports directly to the general manager. In larger properties, he may report to the rooms division manager. The executive housekeeper is responsible for managing housekeeping personnel, planning budgets, identifying cleaning needs, buying supplies and coordinating with other departments to ensure excellent guest service. Some properties also have an assistant executive housekeeper. The executive housekeeper is a manager who must sometimes be prepared to scrub toilets. SECTIONS: Guestroom Cleaning The major responsibility of a hotel housekeeping staff is cleaning guestrooms in an efficient manner to prepare rooms for guests checking into the property. Guestroom attendants are typically expected to clean a room in 20 to 30 minutes, depending on the size of the room. Others in this department include house attendants who pick up linen bags and refill housekeeping carts and inspectors who inspect each room after it is cleaned to ensure it meets the property’s quality standards. Guestroom attendants ensure that every guestroom is spotless. Public Area Cleaning The housekeeping department is also responsible for the public areas of the hotel, both front-of-the-house and back-of-the house areas. They may also be responsible for cleaning dining room areas after they have closed, though food and beverage staff are usually responsible for the cleaning during the day. Public space cleaners make up the majority of this part of the housekeeping department. Public space cleaners are responsible for lobbies, offices, corridors and other non-guestroom areas of the property Laundry Properties that have in-house laundry services have a laundry manager who answers directly to the executive housekeeper. The laundry manager manages the work flow of the laundry and the laundry employees. Laundry employees include laundry attendants who operate the washers, dryers, presses and folders, and linen runners who fetch linen and put it away as it is completed. Some laundry departments also hire a seamstress to repair linens or repurpose damaged linens to other uses (such as making washcloths or cleaning cloths out of towels or food service aprons out of bedsheets). The laundry department processes all of the hotel’s linens. http://www.ehow.com/facts_7517164_organizational-structure-housekeeping-department.html

1st and 2nd Peter

1st and 2nd Peter The Christians around the time I Peter was written were undergoing some intense persecution. Socially they were shunned, abused, insulted and ridiculed, and Peter realized that the circumstances were getting worse. Nero was Emperor of Rome during the time I Peter was written. He oversaw the persecutions of Christians. Peter wrote this letter to offer encouragement to Christians suffering this persecution. (I Peter 2:18-20) As a result the church in Jerusalem was being scattered throughout Asia Minor.Some of the ways Christians were being persecution during Nero’s time were, being nailed to crosses or sewn up in the skins of wild beasts and left in the sun to die a horrible and painful death. They were used as torches to illumine Nero’s parties. Through this time it was Peter who reminded them that Jesus has set an example for everyone and that although there is much suffering on Earth, they are promised an imperishable inheritance in heaven. It states in I Peter 2:21-23 that â€Å"this suffering is all part of what God has called to you. Christ, who suffered for you, is your example.Follow in his steps. He never sinned, and he never deceived anyone. He did not retaliate when he was insulted. When he suffered, he did not threaten to get even. He left his case in the hands of God, who always judges fairly. † That is what the letter rejoices. Although the Christians wanted so bad to get even with Emperor Nero and his people, they stayed humble, and pulled through their suffering (I Peter 3:9). The author calls Christians to be holy as God is holy, for they are a royal priesthood, a holy nation, and God’s chosen people.In the Bible it does state that as a Christian you have decided to not go back to the evil desires such as immorality and lust, feasting and drinking and wild parties and worshipping other idols, but you will be anxious to do the will of God (I Peter 4:2-3). The Bible says that there will be people who ar e surprised that you don’t participate in their wicked ways and they will say evil things about you and torture you (I Peter 4:4-5). This is much like the Christians during the time of Nero.Nero didn’t understand why Christians didn’t believe and worshiped like his people did, therefore he completely rejected their ideas and put them through a lot of torment. One reason for their persecution was their life-style as aliens and foreigners in the heathen culture. Peter wanted Christians to know that, yes, we as Christians are aliens and foreigners not only to Rome but also to this world. We are only visitors here, and in our short time we have here we must live and glorify God in everyway possible (I Peter 1:17 & 1Peter2:11).Nero is described to be fair- haired, with weak blue eyes, a rather large neck, and a potbelly. He came off to have a very strange mixture of absurdity. Nero was artistic, weak, sensual, bi-sexual, aggressive, extravagant, and later in life rat her disturbed. Early on in his ruling, Nero came across as very a civilized person. He gave the senate more freedom and considered ending the murder of criminals and gladiators in the arenas, he made city wide reforms and was very upset that the law required him to put 300 slaves to death over the fact that their master, a powerful senator, was poisoned by them.Many historians report that he was very reluctant to do it. Later on in his ruling he became absolutely obsessed with the arts, recreation, and sexual desires. He had many affairs and began to go about his evil ways once his mother began spreading rumors. The main reason Nero persecuted the Christians was because of something that happened during the burning of his city. It was around 64 A. D. when the Great Fire of Rome took place. Rome had 14 different districts and only 4 of them remained untouched.The fire burned for a total of 6 days and 6 nights. At that time, people started a lot of rumors about Nero, saying that he â €Å"fiddled while Rome burned† and this rumor spread throughout Rome, creating other rumors. People believed that Nero was the one who started the fire so that he could totally wipe out Rome and start a new city named after him in its place, also that he could build a better palace. Nero didn’t like the fact that people were spreading rumors about him so he decided he needed a scapegoat to blame the fire on.He chose the Christians. Nero’s attempt to use them to take all of the blame off of him failed. Everyone turned against him after this tragic event and the senate decided that he should be flogged to death. But instead of going through this humiliation, he made the decision to commit suicide. He died in 68 A. D. and during his 14 years he managed to establish a bloody reign of terror and to the world he will always be remembered as an insane tyrant. The culture around the time of Nero was rather interesting.Much of the furniture they used was couches, not too many chairs, and they almost always reclined even at the dinner table. The most popular room was the lavatory were there were rows of toilets with arm rests were people would sit and talk for an hour or more. Baths were equivalent to that of a modern day athletic club. There were several rooms including the sweat room and the warm room where sweat was scraped off by slaves because soap was unknown.Foot races, boxing, and wrestling were minor sports in this era but chariot racing and gladiator contests where the most amusing to watch. These events tie in to the persecution theme of I Peter. When Emperor Nero decided to blame the Christians for the burning, he threw them in to the arena and made them face gladiators and wild animals, killing them. Peter says that we should expect ridicule, rejection and suffering and that persecution makes us stronger because it refines our faith (I Peter 2:21-25).Nero completely rejected the idea of family. After his stepfather adopted him, he was e ngaged to his stepsister Octavia, and after awhile he became involved with a woman named Acte. As he became even more lustful, he began having an affair with another woman and his mother got enraged and sided with Octavia. He then attempted to kill his mother, more than once it was said. He tried poisoning her 3 times, he also tried to murder her by loosening her ceiling on a boat and almost drowning her but she managed to escape.After his failing attempts, he then hired an assassin who clubbed and stabbed her to her death in 59 A. D. Peter truly encouraged the idea of family life in the fact that he urged all family members to treat other with sympathy, love, tenderness and humility (I Peter Chapter 3). Finally, the theme that is found mostly in II Peter is the false teachings. One of the reasons that Nero persecuted almost all the Christians was that fact that they didn’t conform to the heathen culture that he encouraged during his reign.Heathen culture emphasize the import ance of relationships with gods and goddesses, ancestors, spirits of the land, and other’s in the community. Since the Christians living in Rome at the time believed in the one true God they were mocked and tortured, but in no way did they give into the false teachings that were in their surroundings ( II Peter chapter 2) Works Cited Nosotro, Rit. â€Å"Nero. † 13. 05. 2007. 13. 05. 07 . Christian, Imanual. â€Å"bible. org. † I Peter: how should we live in a Pagan Culture. 13 May 2007 .

Free Essays on My Thoughts Of Art

Archaeology at Columbia encompasses a range of disciplines, cultures, and approaches. In the Department of Art History and Archaeology, students and faculty come together under the joint title of the department through studies of urbanism, architectural space, and the context of visual images. Archaeology students here have access not only to the rich opportunities the department has to offer, but also to the Program in Archaeology that is a cooperation of six departments at Columbia University, as well as the network of archaeologists, archaeological sites, and museum collections in New York City as a whole. Within the Department of Art History and Archaeology, seven faculty members contribute to the interdepartmental program in archaeology with research and teaching in pre-columbian, medieval, and mediterranean subjects. Five of these faculty also contribute to the Center for the Ancient Mediterranean: their research and teaching span the Bronze Age, the Greek and Roman worlds, and Byzantium. An appointment in near eastern art and archaeology is expected in the near future. On the Columbia campus, resources such as the University's Art Propertiescollections, the Department's Wallach Art Gallery, and finds from the Columbia University expedition to Phlamoudhi, Cyprus provide students with opportunities to work with ancient artifacts and gain exhibition experience. Fieldwork by Art History and Archaeology faculty in Sicily, France, and Cyprus create opportunities for students to gain practical experience in archaeology. Projects, such as in Egypt and Athe Andes, organized by faculty in ot her departments, provide additional opportunities for students.... Free Essays on My Thoughts Of Art Free Essays on My Thoughts Of Art Archaeology at Columbia encompasses a range of disciplines, cultures, and approaches. In the Department of Art History and Archaeology, students and faculty come together under the joint title of the department through studies of urbanism, architectural space, and the context of visual images. Archaeology students here have access not only to the rich opportunities the department has to offer, but also to the Program in Archaeology that is a cooperation of six departments at Columbia University, as well as the network of archaeologists, archaeological sites, and museum collections in New York City as a whole. Within the Department of Art History and Archaeology, seven faculty members contribute to the interdepartmental program in archaeology with research and teaching in pre-columbian, medieval, and mediterranean subjects. Five of these faculty also contribute to the Center for the Ancient Mediterranean: their research and teaching span the Bronze Age, the Greek and Roman worlds, and Byzantium. An appointment in near eastern art and archaeology is expected in the near future. On the Columbia campus, resources such as the University's Art Propertiescollections, the Department's Wallach Art Gallery, and finds from the Columbia University expedition to Phlamoudhi, Cyprus provide students with opportunities to work with ancient artifacts and gain exhibition experience. Fieldwork by Art History and Archaeology faculty in Sicily, France, and Cyprus create opportunities for students to gain practical experience in archaeology. Projects, such as in Egypt and Athe Andes, organized by faculty in ot her departments, provide additional opportunities for students....

Direct Object Pronouns in Italian

Direct Object Pronouns in Italian â€Å"I’m reading a book. I’m reading the book for my Italian course. My husband bought the book as well because he is taking the same course.† When you read the three sentences above, they sound pretty choppy and that’s because instead of using a pronoun, like â€Å"it,† the person speaking is just saying â€Å"book† over and over again. This is why pronouns, and in this particular case, direct object pronouns are such an  important topic to understand in Italian. What is a direct object? A direct object is the direct recipient of the action of a verb. Let us explain that with some more examples. I invite the boys. Whom do I invite? → The boys.He reads the book. What does he read? →   The book. The nouns boys and books are both direct objects because they answer the question what? or whom? When you study verbs in Italian, you may often see a note about whether a verb is transitive or intransitive. While there is a lot to know about those verbs, I want you to simply note that verbs that take a direct object are called transitive verbs. Verbs that do not take a direct object (she walks, I sleep) are intransitive. As we saw in our first example, direct object pronouns exist because they replace direct object nouns. I invite the boys. I invite them.He reads the book. He reads it. Here’s what direct object pronouns (i pronomi diretti) look like: SINGULAR PLURAL mi me ci us ti you (informal) vi you (informal) La you (formal m. and f.) Li you (form., m.) Le you (form., f.) lo him, it li them (m. and f.) la her, it le them (f.) Where do direct object pronouns go? A direct object pronoun is placed immediately before a conjugated verb. Se vedo i ragazzi, li invito. - If I see the boys, I’ll invite them.Compra la frutta e la mangia. - He buys the fruit and eats it. In a negative sentence, the word  non  must come before the object pronoun. Non la mangia. - He doesn’t eat it.Perchà ¨ non li inviti? - Why don’t you invite them? The object pronoun can also be attached to the end of an  infinitive, but note that the final –e of the infinitive is dropped. È importante mangiarla ogni giorno. - It is important to eat it every day.È una buona idea invitarli. It’s a good idea to invite them. FUN FACT: You’ll notice that when you use a direct object pronoun in the  past tense that it will often connect with a  conjugation of the verb â€Å"avere†. For example, â€Å"Non l’ho letto - I didn’t read it†. The â€Å"lo† connects with â€Å"ho† and creates one word â€Å"l’ho†. However, keep in mind that the  plural forms li and le never connect with any conjugations of the verb â€Å"avere†, like â€Å"Non li ho comprati - I didn’t buy them†. You may also see: M’ama, non m’ama. (Mi ama, non mi ama.). - He loves me, he loves me not.Il passaporto? Loro non (ce) l’hanno (lo hanno). - The passport? They don’t have it. Which verbs take a direct object? A few Italian verbs that take a direct object, such as ascoltare, aspettare, cercare, and guardare, correspond to English verbs that are used with prepositions (to listen to, to wait for, to look for, to look at). That means that you don’t have to use â€Å"per - for† when saying â€Å"Who are looking for?† in Italian. A: Chi cerchi? - Who are you looking for? B: Cerco il mio ragazzo. Lo cerco gi da mezz’ora! - I’m looking for my boyfriend. I’ve been looking for him for half an hour! What about â€Å"ecco†? â€Å"Ecco† is often used with direct object pronouns, and they attach to the end of the word to mean â€Å"here I am, here you are, here he is†, and so on. Dov’à ¨ la signorina? – Eccola! - Where is the young woman? – Here she is!Hai trovato le chiavi? – Sà ¬, eccole! - Have you found the keys? – Yes, here they are!Eccoli! Sono arrivati! - Here they are! They arrived!Non riesco a trovare le mie penne preferite - Eccole qua amore! - I can’t find my favourite pens.- Here they are honey!

The Bastille, and its Role in the French Revolution

The Bastille, and its Role in the French Revolution The Bastille is one of the most famous fortifications in European history, almost entirely because of the central role it plays in the mythology of the French Revolution. Form and Prison A stone fortress based around eight circular towers with five foot thick walls, the Bastille was smaller than later paintings have made it look, but it was still a monolithic and imposing structure that reached to seventy-three feet in height. It was built in the fourteenth century to defend Paris against the English and started to be used as a prison in the reign of Charles VI. This was still its most (in)famous function by the era of Louis XVI, and the Bastille had seen a lot of prisoners across the years. Most people had been imprisoned on the orders of the king with any trial or defense and were either nobles who had acted against the interests of the court, Catholic dissidents, or writers who were deemed seditious and corrupting. There was also a notable number of people whose families had deemed them stray and appealed to the king to have locked up for their (family’s) sake. By the time of Louis XVI conditions in the Bastille were better than popularly portrayed. The dungeon cells, whose damp hastened illness, were no longer in use, and most prisoners were housed in the middle layers of the building, in cells sixteen feet across with rudimentary furniture, often with a window. Most prisoners were allowed to bring their own possessions, with the most famous example being the Marquis de Sade who bought a vast quantity of fixtures and fittings, as well as an entire library. Dogs and cats were also permitted, to eat any rats. The governor of the Bastille was given a fixed amount for each rank of prisoner each day, with the lowest being three livres a day for the poor (a figure still better than some Frenchmen lived on), and over five times that for high ranking prisoners. Drinking and smoking were also allowed, as were cards if you shared a cell. A Symbol of Despotism Given that people could end up in the Bastille without any trial, it’s easy to see how the fortress developed its reputation: a symbol of despotism, of the oppression of liberty, of censorship, or royal tyranny and torture. This was certainly the tone taken by writers before and during the revolution, who used the very certain presence of the Bastille as a physical embodiment of what they believed was wrong with the government. Writers, many of whom had been released from the Bastille, described it as a place of torture, of living burial, of body draining, mind-sapping hell. The Reality of Louis XVI’s Bastille This image of the Bastille during the reign of Louis XVI is now largely believed to have been an exaggeration, with a smaller number of prisoners treated better than the general public had been led to expect. While there was undoubtedly a major psychological impact to being kept in cells so thick you couldn’t hear other prisoners – best expressed in Linguet’s Memoirs of the Bastille – things had improved considerably, and some writers were able to view their imprisonment as career building rather than life ending. The Bastille had become a relic of a previous age; indeed, documents from the royal court shortly before the revolution reveal plans had already been developed to knock the Bastille down and replace it with public works, including a monument to Louis XVI and freedom. The Fall of the Bastille On July 14th, 1789, days into the French Revolution, a massive crowd of Parisians had just received arms and cannon from the Invalides. This uprising believed forces loyal to the crown would soon attack to try and coerce both Paris and the revolutionary National Assembly, and were seeking weapons to defend themselves. However, arms needed gunpowder, and much of that had been moved to the Bastille by the crown for safety. A crowd thus gathered around the fortress, fortified by both the urgent need for powder, but by hatred for almost everything they believed was wrong in France. The Bastille was unable to mount a long-term defense as, while it had a forbidding number of guns, it had few troops and only two days worth of supplies. The crowd sent representatives into the Bastille to order the guns and powder be handed over, and while the governor – de Launay – declined, he did remove the weapons from the ramparts. But when the representatives left, a surge from the crowd, an accident involving the drawbridge, and the panicked actions of the crowd and soldiers led to a skirmish. When several rebel soldiers arrived with cannon, de Launay decided it was best to seek some sort of compromise for his men and their honor, although he did consider detonating the powder and most of the surrounding area with it. The defenses were lowered and the crowd rushed in. Inside the crowd found just seven prisoners, including four forgers, two insane, and one stray aristocrat. This fact was not allowed to ruin the symbolic act of seizing such a major symbol of once all-powerful monarchy. However, as a number of the crowd had been killed in the fighting – later identified as eighty-three instantly, and fifteen later on from injuries – compared to just one of the garrison, the crowd’s anger demanded a sacrifice, and de Launay was picked. He was marched through Paris and then murdered, his head being displayed on a pike. Violence had bought the second major success of the revolution; this apparent justification would bring many more changes over the next few years. Aftermath The fall of the Bastille left the population of Paris with the gunpowder for their recently seized weapons, giving the revolutionary city the means to defend itself. Just as the Bastille had been a symbol of royal tyranny before it fell, so after it was swiftly transformed by publicity and opportunism into a symbol of freedom. Indeed the Bastille â€Å"was much more important in its â€Å"afterlife† than it ever had been as a working institution of the state. It gave shape and an image to all the vices against which the Revolution defined itself.† (Schama, Citizens, p. 408) The two insane prisoners were soon sent to an asylum, and by November a fevered effort had demolished most of the Bastille’s structure. The King, although encouraged by his confidants to leave for a border area and hopefully more loyal troops, conceded and pulled his forces away from Paris and began to accept the revolution. Bastille Day is still celebrated in France each year.

Think tank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Think tank - Assignment Example Rather, they are ideas generated on college campuses, in think tanks and in other research organizations around the country (Wiarda 55). This essay is going to draw comparison between the Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS), Rand Organization and American Enterprise Institute (AEI) think tanks, explore how they function, and finally how these think tanks influence the US foreign policy. Think tanks vary enormously in terms of size, staff, and institutional resources, but they all rely to a certain extent on both public and private channels to exercise policy influence (Wiarda 63). Of the more than 2,000 think tanks in the USA, close to 25percent of these are considered as independent or free standing whereby vast majority are affiliated with university departments. The Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS) is a popular American think tank that is based in Washington DC in the United States of America and it primary role is to conduct policy studies and strategic analyses on economic development and reconstruction, political and security issues, Global Health as well as climate change and energy (Arin 40). It also focuses on Human Rights, Technology, and Trade and Economics as well as Global Trends and Forecasting throughout the world. Nonetheless, CSIS pays special focus on issues concerning trade, international relations, energy, technology, finance as well as geostrategic. According to a report that was released by the University of Pennsylvania in 2013 entitled â€Å"Global Go To Think Tanks Report†, CSIS is the best think tank internationally for international affairs and security. It was also placed as the fourth best think tank globally and it has been termed occasionally as â€Å"one of the most respected of Washington’s think tanks† (Arin 39). CSIS invites well-known foreign policy and public service officials and from the US Congress and the executive branch inclusive of

Media and US Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media and US Politics - Essay Example Just like all around the world, the readership of the print medium has been steadily declining due to the rise of the online medium. And although there are many famous broadsheets, most of these have adopted a political stance, almost making them a means of propaganda. National news wires like Reuters and the Associated Press, on the other hand, have been known (all over the world) for their wide coverage in the U.S. and around the world. This is the same for the news magazines like Newsweek and TIME. As for U.S. cinema, it has become one of the most famous media industries in the world, having had international success in merchandising and advertising. Since the media can be seen, heard, felt and known throughout many parts of a country, one can realize how much impact it has on the people. Almost everything that an average American knows comes from a major newspaper, television network or radio station and whatever is translated into such media outfits come from the reporter or journalist’s point of view. This point of view proves vital in the instances that the journalist â€Å"chooses† what qualifies as news by choosing what to write about. â€Å"Framing† also affects what the audience understands the issue at hand. Some things may not even exist for some people just because they are not aware of it. Together with profit, these media corporations also reap criticisms. Issues of media ownership, bias, extortion, professionalism, and even ethics come to mind when one talks about the media. ... Today, the difference between most newspapers is not actually the content but their vested interests and its history goes a long way. For example, Benjamin Franklin, under a pseudonym, wrote an article in a publication recommending that the government print more paper money in 1728. However, Franklin did not mention that his printing company intended to bid for the said project. Fifty years after, the U.S. Congress gave birth to media censorship with the passing of an order which basically prohibited the people from having dissenting opinion from the government. A few years later, former U.S. President Abraham Lincoln closed many newspapers on the claim that they were biased. During the time of President Richard Nixon, the media played a central role in divulging the administration's secrets. The Watergate scandal proved that the pen really is mightier than the sword. When the 1900s came, bias screamed from many newspapers, with them openly campaigning or supporting a certain politician, political view or party. Moreover, many newspapers went against each other or were used by opposing governments for propaganda. False reports also came to be as the times progressed. In 1994, the Freedom Forum conducted a survey of reporters and editors in Washington to determine their political leaning. The press people were asked outright of their political affiliation, the percentages indicate their answers: 50% Democrats, 4% Republican. Regarding ideological persuasions, 61% were liberal while a measly 2% were conservative. As for their vote in 1992, a whopping 89% voted Clinton and Bush got 7%. According to an article last year in the Washington Times, most Americans think the media is guilty of making

Training in Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Training in Crisis - Essay Example One of his demands is for immunity from the murder charge if he surrenders without harming any of the people in the house. His other demands are a case of beer and some fast food soon. He wants his demands met or "something will happen". Any occasion or incident where any person is said to be taken against his or her will for an exchange of demand or performance of an action is called hostage taking. The incident involving the man and his family held up inside their house and where he demanded for immunity from the murder, case of beer and fast food is an example of hostage taking. There are categories of hostage-takers. Hostage-takers can be classified as those of political activists, mentally stable, criminal deviants and inmates (â€Å"Initial Response to a Hostage Situation†, n.d.). According to the Initial Response to a Hostage Situation (n.d.), the following are the hostage-taker categories: Political activists or terrorists are characterized as those very aggressive, im pulsive, and devoted to their causes and often demand release of political prisoner, money or even publicity. Criminal deviants are those which are likely rational but caught in criminal act and for them to be released, use hostages as way of safely escaping. Mentally unstable are hostage-takers suffering from strange psychiatric condition which are often suicidal and use hostage taking situation as means of death. The man in the scenario is considered to be a criminal deviant. The act was caused by the murder done to his neighbour and the situation is used as a means to demand for a safe escape. He threatened to kill those people with him if his demands are not given. There are may be different types of structures of law enforcement team but in general, the structure is composed of the team leader, on-scene commander, negotiator, intelligence officer, communication officer, tactical team and police psychologist. As part of the team as police psychologist, there are generally two ma in roles: (1) participation in team development, training, and selection of personnel; and (2) operational assistance during the crisis itself, including monitoring of negotiation progress, psychological profiling of hostages and HTs, assessment of danger and risk level, monitoring the mental status of negotiators and other personnel at the scene, and participating in both operational and critical incident stress debriefings following the incident . (Miller, 2007) . According to Dr. Miller, â€Å"the highest fatality rate in hostage crises occurs during tactical incursion, the decision to order such an action is an excruciatingly difficult one.† This is when a police psychologist becomes an integral part of the team as the tactical team. Police psychologists are very important in the crisis negotiation because they are necessary in preparing the team of people responsible in dealing with a situation such as hostage taking when lives are at stake. The police psychologist must be able to make sure that the team to deal in the situation is prepared, well trained and is ready to negotiate and save lives. They are also important in analyzing the situation and the profile of the perpetrator and the team and this will really help in making sure that the protocols are being applied and modified according to each situation. Dr. Miller (2007) stated that â€Å"containment and negotiation strategies yield a 95 percent success rate in terms of resolving a hostage crisis without fatalities to either hostages or hostage-takers (HTs),

Digital economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Digital economy - Essay Example With the recent technological boom, electronic businesses and markets have no doubt, flourished. The example of digital entertainment like MP3’s, e-books, availability of various soft wares for download and videos for streaming are only some examples of the phenomenal growth of the digital market. When markets come into play, whether they are digital or physical, price automatically becomes a crucial feature. It is important for consumers because they expect to buy at the least price, it is important for producers because they expect to sell at the highest price while maximizing profits and it is very important for the market as a whole in order to keep resource allocation efficient. One area of interest which scholars have long debated over, in relation to the digital economy, has been with respect to prices. A large amount of literature has been written in evidence of showing the presence/absence of price dispersions in online pricing, the reasons why such a phenomenon occurs and how significant it is in relation to modern retail outlets; traditional, pure-Internet based and multi-channel retail outlets (land based retail presence as well as an internet presence of the retailer). At this point it is important to define the phenomenon of Price dispersion. Pan, Ratchford and Shankar (2004, p.443) define price dispersion as â€Å"the distribution of prices (such as range and standard deviation) of an item with the same measured characteristics across sellers of the item at a given point in time†. In simpler words, it may be defined as the difference of prices among sellers of the same items. This concept has major implications for the retailing outlets as it acts as a cue for assessing their own pricing strategies and is reflective of what strategies their competitors have adopted. Be it the traditional, pure Internet or multi-channel retailer, the degree of price variances among the

Dangers of drunk driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dangers of drunk driving - Research Paper Example With the help of two informative articles, statistics and information on this very topic have been provided and discussed well within the confines of this paper in order for the reader to be able to gauge a better insight into the harmful effects that are caused by drunken driving. In the United States of America, the leading cause of deaths for people under the age of 24 has been branded as motor vehicle wrecks due to drinking and driving. It has been estimated that one American life is lost every 20 minutes due to a drunk driver on the road, or even drinking and driving. (Gieck, D, Joseph, and David M Slagle ) The main thing that most traffic policemen check is the blood alcohol concentration of a driver on the road. If this turns out to be about 0.10 or more, then the driver is seven times more likely to be involved in a car accident than a driver who is completely sober at the time of driving. Most college students and young adults form the population that undergoes these traffic related fatalities with respect to heavy episodes of drinking. Thus, the concept of a free ride was started in a number of states within the United States. The main aim of the free ride was to provide intoxicated drivers with a cheap mode of transportation so that they are able to reach home safely along with mitigating the chance of harming anyone else on the road. (Gieck, D, Joseph, and David M Slagle ) It is important for such programs to be effective all over and not just in parts of the world because according to harm theory, it has been suggested that most accidents due to the effects of alcohol happen due to secondary measures. This means that most people under the influence of alcohol cause harm on activities that they carry out rather than harming themselves directly. It is very important for people to be able to judge the level of alcohol that they have consumed before riding their vehicles on the

Leadership Definitions and The Successful Global Leader Essay

Leadership Definitions and The Successful Global Leader - Essay Example His own definition is hereby presented as â€Å"the ability of developing and communicating a vision to a group of people that will make that vision true† (Kenneth Valenzuela, 2007). Authors Lussier & Achua (2004) define leadership as â€Å"the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through changes†. (Lussier & Achua, 2004) My own personal definition of leadership is similar to Martires & Fule, Northouse and Lussier & Achua in presenting it as a process. All authors share the same conviction except Valenzuela who perceived leadership as an ability. Further, all authors conform to the following factors as relevant components of the leadership process: (1) influencing people; (2) towards the achievement of a goal. Valenzuela was just different in the use of words for goals, where he replaced it with ‘vision’. But still, there is the component of influence by exerting the ability to develop and communicate that vision to a group of people who would make that vision come true. I also believe that leadership entails some talent to convince a group of individuals towards the attainment of a specifically defined objective. It is a process for me because in order to achieve a goal, a series of actions should be undertaken gradually. One of the most successful and famous entrepreneurs of contemporary times is Bill Gates, owner of Microsoft. Gilgenbach (2006), in his article, â€Å"What made Bill Gates so successful and why Microsoft won’t be the same without him†, contended that â€Å"if I had to choose one word to describe Bill Gates, it wouldn’t be any of the usual suspects. It wouldn’t be rich, although he is the wealthiest man in the world. It wouldn’t be powerful, although he has shaped the future of computing. It wouldn’t be nerdy, but some may describe him as such. It definitely wouldn’t be evil, although many people think that is the case, and in my Mac loving days, that thought probably

Dangers of drunk driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dangers of drunk driving - Research Paper Example With the help of two informative articles, statistics and information on this very topic have been provided and discussed well within the confines of this paper in order for the reader to be able to gauge a better insight into the harmful effects that are caused by drunken driving. In the United States of America, the leading cause of deaths for people under the age of 24 has been branded as motor vehicle wrecks due to drinking and driving. It has been estimated that one American life is lost every 20 minutes due to a drunk driver on the road, or even drinking and driving. (Gieck, D, Joseph, and David M Slagle ) The main thing that most traffic policemen check is the blood alcohol concentration of a driver on the road. If this turns out to be about 0.10 or more, then the driver is seven times more likely to be involved in a car accident than a driver who is completely sober at the time of driving. Most college students and young adults form the population that undergoes these traffic related fatalities with respect to heavy episodes of drinking. Thus, the concept of a free ride was started in a number of states within the United States. The main aim of the free ride was to provide intoxicated drivers with a cheap mode of transportation so that they are able to reach home safely along with mitigating the chance of harming anyone else on the road. (Gieck, D, Joseph, and David M Slagle ) It is important for such programs to be effective all over and not just in parts of the world because according to harm theory, it has been suggested that most accidents due to the effects of alcohol happen due to secondary measures. This means that most people under the influence of alcohol cause harm on activities that they carry out rather than harming themselves directly. It is very important for people to be able to judge the level of alcohol that they have consumed before riding their vehicles on the

Research Methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Methods - Research Proposal Example The points and techniques that such data use to analyze research data are expounded in a manner to capture the essence. Data analysis refers to the assessment of data or information using methods that will establish the trends, relationships, and patterns, which can be initiated in the data. Hence, it involves subjecting data to statistical procedures to create relationships that exist between variables. There are two types of data, quantitative Data that requires collected information that can be interpreted into numbers and qualitative data. The composition includes opinions, quotes, and descriptions that are collected. Data analysis helps to identify if there was any substantial change in the variables that are dependent and can bring about power in the data. Data analysis can also reveal factors that produce changes in the variables that are dependent. It also establishes the power that exists among different conditions, which affect the evaluation results. The analysis of data of the organization is associated with some limitations. Most of the results evaluated only experiment a sample of the group, so it does not fully embody the organization as a whole. When statistics is misused, it leads to substantial errors that can bring about devastating decision making in an organization. On the other hand, techniques applied correctly, the interpretation of the results may be difficult to an organization that has no expertise. The significance statistical data of a trend computes the level in which the trend could be influenced by variations in the random sample might not be in agreement with its significance. In addition, experts may interpret data that only favors an organization exempting out data that could be useful for future use. Data coding refers to a systematic method to reduce large sets of data into smaller units that can be analyzed by designing categories and derivative concepts from the data. Coding will be developed when testing

River based tourism in Nepal: An analysis

River based tourism in Nepal: An analysis Rivers based Tourism in Nepal Introduction Nepal is rich in water resources so river plays an important role that flows from Himalayas to Terai. In Nepal, rivers are treated as goddess (SAARC Tourism, 2009). Rivers are the ever flowing and also inspiring source of beauty and also people can enjoy the infinite adventure to the fullest (SAARC Tourism, 2009). In Nepal, when the mountain melts then the river flows across the country and this makes the country the choice of more thriller and adventure. There are more than thousands of river in Nepal so Nepal is the second largest country in water resources after Brazil (prabin, 2010). There are many big as well as small rivers in Nepal so most of the big rivers in Nepal flow from Mountain Region such as Karnali, Arun, Tamakoshi and so on (Khadka, n.d.). These rivers are also called snow fed rivers. Rivers in Nepal are divided into three basic categories they are Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali. Among these Koshi is one of the longest rivers in the country and comprises of different rivers like Arun, Tamakoshi, Indravati, Dudhkoshi, Tamor, Likhu and Sunkoshi (Thamel Dot Com, n.d.). In Nepal, many tourist visits only for the adventurous purpose. Rafting, kayaking could be one of them. So tourist comes to Nepal for rafting because Nepal is one of the best countries for rafting. Bhotekoshi River is one which is just three to four hour far from Kathmandu which provides some of the most adventurous activities like rafting, kayaking and cannoning and also this river is one of the best rivers for rafting in the world. Objective of the study The objectives of the following research are as follows: To find out the state of river tourism in Nepal To understand the profile of river based tourist visiting Nepal. To assess prospects and growths of river based tourism in Nepal. Hypothesis Researcher has created some statement according to the result of an experiment. Hypothesis 1 Most of the foreigners from US, England, Australia and Canada visited Nepal only for adventurous purpose like hiking, rafting, trekking and kayaking. Hypothesis 2 The tourists of age group from 16-30 years visited Nepal only for adventure. Hypothesis 3 Most of the foreigners visits Nepal for adventure purpose are male. Hypothesis 4 Political instability directly affects river based tourism and also in country’s economy. Problem statement What is the current situation of river based tourism in Nepal? Sub-problems Against which gender and age group do river based tourism attract tourist? What is the age group of the instructor who will train to raft? Is the age group from 16-30+ above preferred to go for rafting? How many foreigners come for rafting or kayaking? How river based tourism practices in Nepal? Is there any agent working for river based tourism? How travel agents promoting river based tourism in other countries? What are the different promotional activities used by travel agent for river based tourism? What are the impacts of river based tourism in Nepal? How government plays their role in the development of river based tourism? How travel agent provides security while rafting and kayaking to the tourists? Literature Review There are many rivers in Nepal which flows from Koshi to Mahakali. Almost all of the rafting company in Nepal favors tourism that cherishes the visitors with providing deep knowledge and conserving the cultures and environment they visit (Himalayan River Operator Nepal, 2014). According to Nepal Gateway,† Bhotekoshi River is also called White Water River and is one of the best and Short River rafting in Nepal with the intense of thrilling rafting adventure ( Nepal Gateway Trekking, 2014).† Almost all the rivers of Nepal flow from the mountain region and come with the high forces with continuous rapid action and this makes the tourist more adventurous and thrilling. Adventure tourism is not just trekking and mountaineering, now rafting and river based any activities are also counted as the adventure tourism. According to The Ministry of Cultural, Tourism and Civil Aviation,† the statistics shows that there has been the increment of the tourists in Nepal for the purpose of adventurous activities (Binu, 2013).† According to N. P. Bhandary R. K. Dahal and M. Okamura,† Pokhara is one of the tourist destinations of Nepal where on 5 may, 2012 a devastating debris mixed flood in the downstream of Seti River where many people are killed in that disaster (N.P. Bhandari, n.d.).† . The tourism statistics by Ministry of culture, Tourism and civil Aviation (MOCTCA, 2012) shows that the numbers of tourists who are in the age group 16-30 years visit the country mainly for adventurous purpose (Binu, 2013). Nepal’s main asset is water and it is the second highest in the world. According to Pashupati SJB Rana,† if the rivers of Nepal are harnessed, controlled and utilized properly in a sustainable manner then there will be the development in the tourism sector and as well as in the local areas also which simply results in the development of the country (Lohani, 2011).† So this helps in the tourism sector and for those people who gives the interest towards river. If the government does this in time then some of the environmental factors could be controlled like flood, landslide etc. If the tourist comes to Nepal then the country’s economy automatically rises up. According to (MOCTCA) Ministry of culture, Tourism and civil Aviation,† the countries like England, France, US, Australia, Japan, Canada, Russia visited Nepal for adventurous activities like rafting, trekking, hiking and others (N.P. Bhandari, n.d.).† â€Å"Nepal has no less than 83000 MV hydro potential. But availability of the fund is a major constraint so according to Binod Bhattarai tourism has suffered a setback in recent years because of political instability as well as economical condition and ling draw ethnic conflict (Lohani, 2011).† Climate change can also have a direct effect in river based tourism. In the winter season, the flow of river will be low because melting point of an ice is low so there will be low tourist turnover and by this economy of the country will automatically be low. Rafting in Nepal Rivers of Nepal flow rather faster than any of other countries in the world. Bhotekoshi River ranked top 6 in the world in case of rafting ( Himalayan River Operator Nepal, 2014). So many foreigners visit Bhotekoshi River for the main purpose of rafting. There are many agents who are helping foreigners as well as local people for the development of rafting. So rivers of Nepal flow so fast that for the rafter they can enjoy the thriller and adventurous moment. Another popular destiny for rafting is Trishuli River. Trishuli River is also very popular river for rafting for foreigners and as well as local people. Just 3 to 4 hours it takes from Kathmandu to reach Trishuli River so people can easily go there. Kayaking Kayaking is one of the adventurous games done in the excitement of white water kayaking on warm and Friendly River (Himalayan River Operator, 2014). Just with a single boat, a single person with international level experienced instructor, people can enjoy the excitement in the river flowing very forcedly. Kayaking is very popular in Bhotekoshi River and as well as in Trishuli River. Sightseeing Rivers are not only for rafting and kayaking but also people can spend hours and hours sitting at the bank of the river. They can relax and can enjoy the flow of the river. The image of the sun reflecting on the river could be the beautiful moment and the people cannot forget that moment and it is very hard to imagine. Rivers of Nepal is one of the nature’s gifts that one can fell like heavenly experience. Limitation of literature review Limitation is the certain of limits. This study has some problems and limited as well. Certain limitations are highlighted towards below: Respondent has not given proper attention due to lack of time and resources. Study was carried out within Thamel area. Busy schedule of authorized person led impossible to fetch maximum data. Some data were on hypothetical assumption because due to the lack of fact knowledge and written statement. Conclusion: Literature Review There are many rivers in Nepal among them Bhotekoshi and Trishuli River are the best for rafting and kayaking. These rivers are also called White Water River with thrilling and adventurous activities. The rivers of Nepal come with high forces which flow from mountain region and make the foreigners more adventurous and thrilling. All the data collected by the researcher shows that there has been the increment of the tourist in Nepal in case of river based tourism. The age group from 16-30 years visits Nepal every year for adventure. Also the foreigners from different countries visited Nepal for rafting, trekking, hiking and others. Nepal is rich in water resources so it ranked second in the world. The researcher found that rivers are being polluted day by day; this directly affects the economy of the country as well as river based tourism. If the government does not take action about this then river tourism will be diminished slowly. Methodology Sample Minimum hundred of randomly selected persons of equally Nepalese and foreigner will be asked to participate here in the survey. The population of foreigner people found more comparing towards other ordinary people close to Thamel area. Therefore, 65% of the foreigners are interested in tourism activities where as 35% of the Nepalese are involved in tourism activities. However, current surveys explain that flow of foreigner citizens are growing in the coming days. Finally after the long survey, targeted place will be sited at Thamel area so that calculation of international citizen will count easy. Method The research use Qualitative methods to collect all the possible data. Hundreds of respondent are participated in this study. Researcher collected all the questionnaire and this questionnaire are asked to the respondent. Qualitative interviewing is done by two ways process which gives the researcher to gather all the data more or less subjective and value overloaded (Healey, 1999-2014 ). Research tools The study is done in order to grasp the ideas on what was the current state of River based tourism in Nepal. Certain research tools are required to achieve appropriate data and information certain tools are: Observation: There are two types of observation which includes participative and non-participative. Internet/books: The researcher read all the books and as well through online basis to collect the proper and appropriate data. Interview: Interview simply means the conversation of a person gathering some information from another person. So, the researcher will gather all the possible data through the interview. Questionnaire: Researcher draws some possible questionnaire to collect the necessary data. The researcher has collected some questions in which respondent will give all the possible answers, by this researcher will get the appropriate data. The local respondent will be asked according to the questions collected or any information related to the respondents. Data collection Researcher will collect the data through online methods. Also the researcher would collect the data through face to face interview so researcher can get highest responses rate in survey research. Furthermore, this allows the researcher to get the appropriate answers. Finally data can be collected through online or face to face interview which saves the time and as well as data or information can be entered directly in the database safely and easily (University of Wisconsin Eau claire, n.d). Data analysis Data analysis is the process of the evaluating the data using analytical and logical reasoning to find out each component of the data provided (Dasta Analys, 2014). Data analysis is done by gathering data from various sources, then reviewed and then analyzed to find out the conclusion. The researcher collected all the data from the various source and came to the result. Timeline of activities Conclusion Researcher found that river is one of the most important resources of Nepal and it flows from Himalayan to Terai Region. Many foreigners visit Nepal for the purpose of rafting, cannoning or kayaking. There are many rivers which are suitable for rafting and some of them are Bhotekoshi River and Trishuli River. The pollution is increasing day by day in Kathmandu so the researcher found that the number of tourist is decreasing day by day. Now the rivers are being polluted day by day so the researcher found that in the near future these types of adventurous activities like rafting, kayaking will be diminished soon. Not only rivers are for rafting or kayaking purpose one can their time by sitting at the bank of the river, relax and can watch the flow of rivers. Due to political instability of Nepal, most of the time there will be strike so this directly affect the economic condition of Nepal and by this many tourist could not come to visit Nepal. The countries like US, England, Australia, and Canada mostly visit Nepal for the adventurous purpose like rafting or kayaking. The researcher has found that now rafting, kayaking are also categories into adventurous activities. Appendix Q.1. Which are the potential river sites where river based tourism is possible? Q.2. What are the different activities of river based tourism? Q.3. What are the types of river suitable for river tourism? Q.4. What are the potential customers of river based tourism? Q.5. What are the government policies and plans for river based tourism Reference Himalayan River Operator Nepal. (2014). Rafting in Nepal. Retrieved from himalayanriveroperator: http://www.himalayanriveroperator.com/rafting-in-nepal.php Nepal Gateway Trekking. (2014). Bhote Koshi River Rafting. Retrieved from nepalgatewaytrekking: http://www.nepalgatewaytrekking.com/nepal/rafting-kayaking-package/bhote-koshi-river-rafting.html Binu. (2013, September 1). Adventure tourism gains popularity. Retrieved from ametreks: http://ametreks.com/blog/2013/09/01/adventure-tourism-gains-popularity/ Dasta Analys. (2014). Retrieved from Businessdictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data-analysis.html Healey, M. (1999-2014 ). Tools for Qualitative Research. Retrieved from ehow: http://www.ehow.com/info_8036314_tools-qualitative-research.html Himalayan River Operator. (2014). Kayak Clinics and Expedition. Retrieved from himalayanriveroperator: http://www.himalayanriveroperator.com/kayaking-in-nepal.php Himalayan River Operator Nepal. (2014). Adventure Adrenaline Whitewater Rafting and Kayaking in Nepal. Retrieved from himalayanriveroperator: http://www.himalayanriveroperator.com/ Khadka, S. K. (n.d.). Nepal main rivers and watersheds. Retrieved from newworldatlas: http://newworldatlas.blogspot.com/2011/08/nepal-main-rivers-and-watersheds.html Lohani, M. P. (2011). Harnessing Nepal Water Resources and expanding tourism potential . Retrieved from telegraphnepal: http://www.telegraphnepal.com/national/2014-11-20/harnessing-nepal-water-resources-and-expanding-tourism-potential.html N.P. Bhandari, R. D. (n.d.). Preliminary Understanding of the Seti River Debris-Flood in. Retrieved from hils: http://www.hils.org.np/ranjan/papers/setiIssmg.pdf prabin. (2010, March 28). NATURAL RESOURCES IN NEPAL: Forest, Water, Soil and Minerals. Retrieved from nepaldestination: http://nepaldestination.blogspot.com/2010/03/natural-resources.html SAARC Tourism. (2009). Rivers of Nepal. Retrieved from nepal.saarctourism: http://nepal.saarctourism.org/rivers.html Thamel Dot Com. (n.d.). Rivers of Nepal. Retrieved from thamel: http://www.thamel.com/htms/rivers.htm University of Wisconsin Eau claire. (n.d). Quantitative and Qualitative Data collection methods . Retrieved from uwec: http://people.uwec.edu/piercech/ResearchMethods/Data collection methods/DATA COLLECTION METHODS.htm

We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all we’re not savages :: English Literature

We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all we’re not savages When the boys first step on the island they are very civilised; they are all wearing clothes and walking around in groups exploring. Ralph and Piggy then find a conch, and use it to contact the other boys on the island. This moment establishes that the conch symbolises law on the island. Every time the conch is blown all the children come for an assembly. When the first assembly is held, Ralph is voted in as chief, instead of Jack. This frustrates Jack but Ralph consoles him and says that he and his choir can be hunters, and Jack jumps at this opportunity. I think this is the first indication of savagery as everyone is very nervous and afraid, but as soon as Ralph mentions hunting to the choir they are all quite excited. The savagery emerges with â€Å"hunting† as â€Å"hunting† presents the image of killing. We see the boy’s developing excitement of ideas of savagery with this passage, â€Å"Jack and Ralph smiled at each other with shy liking. The rest began to talk eagerly.† When Ralph, Jack, and Simon climb up the mountain to see across the island, they come across a pig trapped in some vines when Jack draws his knife and can’t bring himself to kill the pig, it is because he is too civilised at this point in the book; "The pause was only long enough for them to understand what an enormity the downward strike would be." Here Jack doesn’t kill the pig however his attitude to killing pigs, and indeed humans, changes radically during the story. Chapter three opens with Jack hunting pigs through the jungle. Here, there are many animal images attached to Jack, for example Golding writes, â€Å"Jack was bent double†¦.his nose only a few inches from the humid earth.† and â€Å"Then, dog-like†¦on all fours† The descriptions likening Jack to an animal show the first signs of regression among the boys. The most relevant part in this section is the part when Golding describes Jack as ape-like, because modern humans evolved from apes, and so regression would lead to acting again as apes. A line from the passage reads, â€Å"less a hunter than a furtive thing, ape-like among the tangle of trees.† Despite Jack's attempts, he does not kill a pig. He is obsessed with hunting and killing a pig, after his previous embarrassing failure to do so, with Ralph and Simon. "From the pig-run came the quick, hard patter of hoofs, a castanet sound, seductive, maddening-the promise of meat." This desire is clearly overwhelming him. The desire to kill, and thus

Dedicated Police Officers in the Film, End of Watch Essay -- Criminal

End of Watch (Ayer, 2012) is a film which follows the lives of two police officers, partners Brian Taylor and Mike Zavala, in the Los Angeles Police Department. The movie is shot in the style of a documentary and because of this the film centralized on these two officers and their patrols. When the film began Taylor and Zavala had just successfully apprehended two suspects in a high speed car chase which they were praised for by other officers and members of the department. From then on out the officers made a number of impressive arrests, rescues, and discoveries the two partners made throughout the film. Unfortunately for the Taylor and Zavala, their successfulness in investigating and apprehending locations and suspects of a drug ring caught the attention of the leaders of a Mexican drug cartel. A hit was put out on Taylor and Zavala by leaders of the Mexican drug cartel because they were becoming a nuisance. This hit was carried out by the same Latino gang members who had previously done a drive-by shooting of a rival gang. The officers were enticed towards their imminent deaths with a car chase which was set up by the Latino gang members. This chase led them towards an apartment complex which was rigged with many gang members and artillery to ensure that neither Taylor nor Zavala would survive. The two were ambushed but decided that gunning their way out was their best option. When the officers made it to an alley they were met by another Latino gang member who fired at Taylor and Zavala, hitting Taylor once in the chest before being shot and killed by Zavala. Zavala went to aid Taylor who appeared to be quickly dying and called out for help. Before police back up arrived the original Latino gang members found Zavala in the... ... of risks come with being a police officer. Solutions used to deter and prevent crime in the film End of Watch (Ayer, 2012) focused on police and the duties officers perform while on patrol. In the movie police officers played a central role in the capture of many gang and drug cartel members. This was told through the perspective of officers Brian Taylor and Mike Zavala. Therefore, the solution to crime concentrated on the police involvement, in this case Taylor and Zavala, through their presence, protection, arrests, and investigations. This solution could be generalized and would be possible through the hard work of dedicated police officers. Works Cited Ayer, D. (Director). (2012). End of watch [Motion picture]. USA: Exclusive Media Group. Seigal, L. J., & Worrall, J. L. (2012). Introduction to criminal justice (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

English Language Teaching in Gulf Essay

Zafar Syed’s assertions about the TESOL challenges in Gulf are subjective reflection over the issue and he is unable to provide any verified or verifiable data and findings. He places all responsibility on the structural constraints i. e. contextual framework, human resource development, system and standards, and research and knowledge and paid less heed to other relevant and important dimension f the TESOL i. e. the constraints on the art of the students. He relies too much on the secondary sources but those secondary sources are also related to education and teaching general and has taken into consideration English language teaching particularly. To some extent citation of these secondary resources is relevant e. g. citation of Mograby to provides facts and figures about the unprecedented quantitative growth in education in UAE . (338) He then generalizes that this unprecedented growth has adverse effect on the teaching of Language. He describes that this unchecked growth impacted the planning and implementation of English teaching patterns and policies. (338) In the following paragraph, he is unable to support he preposition by any solid line of arguments, research study or verifiable facts and figures. He is unable to demonstrate that how this rapid growth in education industry has affected the teaching of language. It is more important to provide a socio-cultural context as well that deter or propel the teaching and learning of a language. He describes that â€Å"local students see no concrete link between English ability and communicative requirements†. Mr. Syed is correct in saying this as communicative important of any language in general and English language in particular is related to exposure of the students to other medium of communications. If the socio-cultural context is conservative and does not allow a student to participate in activities involving other communities and people, he will be unable to use his acquired language capacity and thus will consider it meaning less and futile. This will restrict English language teaching to academic activity only. But Mr. Syed does not provide why such perception is created and this issue can be tackled. The next constraint that Mr. Syed takes into account is human resource development. This part of the study is most powerful and relevant as Mr. syed evaluates the role of English language faculty development and describes an array of issues related to it. He rightly point out the important of the local Arab English language teachers. The pool of English language teachers in the whole region are comprised of various expatriates groups that do not possess enough knowledge â€Å"about the local socio-cultural communities and languages† (339). Syed accurately concludes hat this lack of knowledge about local socio-cultural context breed problems like teacher-students gap and this gap endangers effect English Language teaching. Foreign teachers are not well-capacitated to anticipate and delve deep into the socio-problems of the learners and hence can suggest remedies to these. Grammar Translation Method also requires an understanding of the local language and context in order to effectively implement this methodology. (Chastain, 1971. p. 131) Mr. Syed concludes that this ad-hocism in the hiring of contractual foreign faculty hinders the way to implement a more effective and locally suitable system as these temporary teachers are less motivated to make an in-depth evaluation of the system. Here r. Syed has recognized the sole cause of the problem that triggers a cause and effect phenomenon leading to the deterioration of the English Language teaching system in Gulf. Only a motivated and well-informed teachers can recognize the contextual important and shortcomings of language teaching and hence can formulate policies to reduce or eradicate these contextual barriers. Mr Syed has further taken in to consideration the systems and standards but he is unable to realize that only senior and seasoned English language teachers and professors can help designing and executing a viable system and standard for English language teaching. It is not something independent in itself. He emphasizes on the importance of research but it must be noted that research only come through established systems and qualified academia. So first there is dire need to develop faculty and establish a contextually modified system of instructions. This will ultimately lead the faculty to conduct research on appropriate issues pertaining to every facets of English language teaching. Despite various defects in his theoretical framework, he provides some excellent insights into Gulf English language teaching. In addition to his content, he had certain serious flaws in the style of his expression. He only comments on a specific issue briefly and then goes on to comment on another challenges faced by the English Language Teaching without elaborating the first one. The very first sentence of the study indicates that it has nothing to do with primary research as conducting interview of the ESL teachers to locate the challenges faced by them. Further, Syed has limited his study to UAE with a little reference to Saudi Arabia here and there. So this not only limits the scope of the study but indicates that relying on a particular country in the region, generalizations have been made about the whole region. Chastain, Kenneth. The Development of Modern Language Skills: Theory to Practice. Philadelphia: Center for Curriculum Development, 1971.

Raphael’s Triumph of Galatea from 1512

Art is interesting because it is simultaneously distinct and contextual: great art stands on its own, but it also stands in the shadow of that which has come before, and serves as the guiding light to cast the shadows of that which will come after it. Two paintings which share a number of similarities and differences are Raphael’s Triumph of Galatea from 1512 and Bronzino’s Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time from 1546. Each work concentrates on representing mythological characters and events, and concerns itself with notions of love.However, Raphel’s work represents love and beauty as archetypal, more abstract concepts, where Bronzino’s work has achieved both fame and infamy for its sexual overtones, emphasizing erotic love. Raphael’s painting is a fresco, and uses more washed-out colors to represent the dream-like aspect of the events: even as Galatea is on the cusp of divination, the world becomes less real to her, and more dream-like, which is what th e painting attempts to emphasize.Bronzino’s work emphasizes flesh-colors to bring out the striking nudity of its characters, as well as the barely-concealed sexual nature of the proceedings. Bronzino draws the eye to the sexual proceedings between Cupid and Venus by putting Venus in the foreground, which contrasts quite well with Raphael’s focus on the nymph: while she is centered and obviously the focus of the work (the eyes are inevitably drawn to her), but she is drawn to the same scale (relative to the viewer) as the other mythological figures of the work.Additionally, while each work uses mythological characters, each does so to a very different end: in focusing on ascension to divinity, Raphael concentrates on this event as the culmination of earthly beauty becoming transcendent†¦something to which even we mere mortals can aspire. By contrast, Bronzino’s work serves an allegorical function: the borderline incestuous events that are being enacted by Ve nus and Cupid are being overseen by Folly (looking pleased, as an unsubtle indicator that their action is a foolish one) and a horrified Father Time.Other characters are in similar â€Å"reaction shots† of shock and horror. While both Raphael and Bronzino were Italian, their works were products of very different cultural movements. The allegorical art of Bronzino is the textbook ideal of Mannerism: it is intellectual and thought-provoking while at the same time drawing attention to the artificial nature of what is being portrayed.Arguably, such works function more as spectacle than art, as part of the work’s power lies not within the work itself, but in the reaction it engenders from others. Raphael, of course, epitomized the use of the fresco: being painted to complement the opulence of a home, it focuses on the aspects that the rich commissioner wishes to see in himself (the intersection between earthly existence and spiritual divinity is, of course, featured in the home of someone who earnestly hopes their earthly wealth can be tempered by spiritual riches).Obviously, Raphael and Bronzino utilized different mediums in different time periods to represent different events. However, it is striking how, regarding subject matter, each one approached things so differently. Raphael treated the mythological characters with an almost historical focus, and chose to highlight the spirituality and divinity of a single mythological event.Bronzino’s work takes on the nature of a grotesque hypothetical, and serves to remind cultured art aficionados that the decadence of the mythological characters that they so love is nothing to be admired or emulated. Each artist, however, was concerned with what beauty was, whether that answer is spiritual or simple practical: whether it concerns transcendent godly love or simple earthly passion. In the debate between these two points of view, the substance of their art lives forever.

Birthright citizenship in the United States of America Essay

In â€Å"Americanism,† Theodore Roosevelt describes the meaning of hyphenated Americans and their lives in the United States. There was no room in Roosevelt’s America for immigrants or sons of immigrants, who cling to the speech, the customs, the way of life, and the habits of thought from the old world which they have left. The hyphenated American is not an American at all. Those immigrants who hyphenated their Americanism, modifying it with the land of their or their parents’ birth, were and could not be true Americans. These Americans also can vote and be the primarily citizen of a foreign country. Roosevelt writes that the foreign-born population must be an Americanized population. They must talk the language of its native-born fellow-citizens; possess American citizenship, American ideas and maintain an American standard of living. The immigrants must not to be allowed to drift or to be put at the mercy of the exploiter. According to Roosevelt, America cannot afford to keep a lot of immigrants as industrial assets and not as human beings. We also cannot pay low wages to immigrants, and keep immigrants working on American mines, railways or working in our munitions plants because it is dangerous. All United States citizens must stand shoulder to shoulder for the elimination of race and religious prejudice. We must also improve maintenance of the American standard of living; direct every national resource, material and spiritual, and train our people to overcome difficulties. We can do all this work in a democratic country where all people have equal rights and hopes for a good future life.

History exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History exam - Assignment Example The Soviets would dominate Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania; Britain would control Greece; Yugoslavia would be shared by both countries. The country which was NOT mentioned at all in the bargain was _____Poland__________, of vital importance to Stalin. (3pts) 6. By early November, 1944, the Red Army, after victories in Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, reached the gates of ___Budapest______________, Hungary. Hungarian and German troops mounted a savage defense of the city; capitulation came in February 1945. (3pts). 7. __d______ Select the letter which represents the accurate chronology? (3pts) a. Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government, Allied capture of Cherbourg, Allied capture of Rome, Operation Overlord b. Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Allied Capture of Rome, Operation Overlord, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government c. Operation Overlord, Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government d. Allied capture of Rome, Operation Overlord, Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government’ 7. Reagan was re-elected in 1984 by an overwhelming majority; he lost only his opponent’s home state. Who was the Democratic opponent ______Walter Mondale____________________ and from which state did he come _Minnesota____________________________? 8. __d____During Reagan’s second term, the following was true except a. declining wealth for the middle class b. increasing poverty c. increasing racial and economic polarization d. vigorous efforts by the Reagan administration to deal with AIDS and â€Å"crack† epidemics 14. False_____ During Reagan’s presidency, the standard of living of divorced women declined while that of divorced men increased; in

The way that the memory of the events of the Boston Massacre have Research Paper

The way that the memory of the events of the Boston Massacre have changed over time - Research Paper Example This Act was imposed on the order of a British official called Charles Townshend. The objects on which import duty was attached were paint, paper, tea, lead and glass2. The members of the British parliament introduced the Townshend Act as a punishment to the colonists for protesting against the previous Stamp Act. With this new Act, the parliament wanted to teach a lesson to the colonists that they are bound to abide by any Acts they would introduce. The American Board of Customs Commissioners was also arranged by the Parliament whose members were responsible for seeing that smuggling laws were duly followed. This Board was set up in Boston since smuggling activities were centered in this city. The Parliament believed that if smuggling could be wiped out from Boston then it would be easy for them to force other colonial citizens to follow the trade laws3. Very soon the colonists began to protest against the Townshend Act declaring that no taxes can be levied on any goods without thei r agreement. The protestant acts were further provoked by the writings of many patriotic leaders of that time. A protesting letter was written by John Hancock and was circulated to all the townspeople in Massachusetts: â€Å"You are already too well acquainted with the melancholy and very alarming Circumstances to which this Province, as well as America in general, is now reduced. Taxes equally detrimental to the commercial interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent†4. The merchants in Boston began to reject any goods made in Britain. In 1768, a circular letter was sent by the Massachusetts Assembly to the other colonial legislatures informing them about difficulties faced by the colonists because of the Act: â€Å"The House of Representatives of this province, have taken into their serious consideration, the great difficulties that must accrue to themselves and their constituents, by the operation of several acts of P arliament, imposing duties and taxes on the American colonies†5. In response to the protests the British began to send troops to maintain peace while still enforcing the law. This led to many violent conflicts between the British soldiers and the protesting colonists; one such incident that became most well known in American history was the Boston Massacre. On March 5, 1770, a crowd of angry people taunted nine British guards of custom house and threw snowballs at them, and the latter fired in return which killed five people and wounded some6. Sons of Liberty In October 1768, the 14th and 29th regiments of British army arrived in Boston. They were dispatched by Royal Governor Francis Bernard whose purpose was to maintain law and order in the Boston and also to assist the customs official to collects taxes as per the Townshend Act imposed by the British Parliament. However, Massachusetts Assembly accused Bernard that this action was an attempt to overthrow the Boston government and felt that there was no need of the troops to maintain peace in the city. But Bernard was concerned because of an earlier protestant act in June, 1768 when the customs officials seized a sloop of John Hancock who was a merchant and political leader. This led to protests by a group called Sons of Liberty who decorated an elm tree with placards and effigies of Bernard and customs officials7. Bernard, although opposed the 1965