Criminal Justice System Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Criminal Justice System Bachelor - Essay Example The social-science evidence points strongly to the influence of parents as the chief underlying cause of juvenile crime. In England, 27 per cent of prison inmates had been in care and 47 per cent had run away from home as a child. But it's not just broken families. Criminal parents are much more likely to raise criminal offspring: a recent survey found that 43 per cent of prisoners had family members who had been convicted and 35 per cent had a family member who had been in jail. But family breakdown is important, especially when parents contradict each other - thereby providing no clear moral lead - or compete for affection by being lax with their children. Such conflict is more likely in disrupted families, when one parent is absent, or when a new partner or step-parent appears.[1] An answer could be found in the root causes of disrespect and irreverence. Has society targeted the reasons for disrespect and irreverence in search of an answer, or is the singular aim to "get tougher" on social malfeasance an answer in and of itself This paper will take a telescopic look at the root causes of criminal behavior in our society's youth and the legal policies that affect it. It is noted in this work that the purpose of enacting legal policies is to deter crime and reduce the rates of recidivism ("repeat offenders") that peter through the criminal justice system. On closer inspection, the ... Youths caught in the system are a portrayal of that which comes from parents and peers, or outside related or non-related other adults. Juvenile delinquency is the stuff of which intrinsically learned self-hatred (a common cause of suicide), or the extrinsic form of taking out self-hatred on others is made. Children often want others to "feel their pain" as badly as they do and therefore commit offenses on some level, whether minor or serious; or whether aimed at attacking themselves or attacking others. Sometimes, but less often, the deviant behavior reflects an attempt to close the missing relationship gaps-to get attention, or to find some comfort or solace in material "things," which they will steal. There is the situation in which the stolen item could have been purchased, but the child or older teen takes a certain delight in the rush of possibly getting caught. Adults have only to look to their own behaviors-'disrespect and irreverence of life'-to explain the root causes of juvenile offenses and ultimately juvenile crime. (Juvenile Crime, 1999)[2] In England and Wales, a minor is anyone under the age of 18, and the "age of criminal responsibility" (or defense of infancy) is age 10. When minors break the law, they are dealt with directly by the Youth Offending Team, which is overseen by the Youth Justice Board. The Youth Offending Team (YOT) is a statutory, multi-agency team that followed the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act (CDA) set up by the English Parliament. In 1998, the CDA implemented the following policies: (1) with regard to anti-social behavior "(a) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or to both; or (b) on

Legalization of marijuana. How can it boost the U.S economy Research Paper

Legalization of marijuana. How can it boost the U.S economy - Research Paper Example Legalizing marijuana will increase the government tax revenue. The government loses huge revenue from the illegal trade and use of marijuana. Marijuana is the most consumed and most traded substance of abuse in the US. Whether legal or illegal consumers must always find a way of getting it and traders have to smuggle it in the country through the black market. The implication of illegal trading of marijuana is the huge loss of revenue the government could raise through taxation. Therefore, legalizing marijuana gives the government a chance to regulate it through taxation hence increase of national income. For example, the state of Colorado estimated a revenue increase of about $67 million from marijuana sales the first year after legalization. Increase in national revenue will contribute to economic growth because the additional revenue can be used to carry out development activities of the government.Legalizing marijuana will increase employment because many people can open up busin esses as traders, farmers, distributors, etc. Increase in employment opportunities in the country is a contributing factor to economic growth through income they earn. Increase in citizens’ income results to increase consumption hence increase in economic growth.The U.S. government incurs huge expenses to the tune of $40 billion to enforce drug regulations every year. Most of the inmates causing congestion in the U.S. prisons are victims of drugs that have not been involved in any crime of violence.

Nursing and the healthcare skills and qualifications Essay

Nursing and the healthcare skills and qualifications - Essay Example ient care and patient needs in such a way that it shows the respect of the healthcare provider for the personal, social, and political beliefs of the patient. By doing so, the healthcare provider will be able to administer the proper healthcare services to the patient and also earn the patients trust and loyalty due to the respect that has been shown for his or her beliefs in life. It is important to remember that a nurse must first and foremost, be conscious of the people around her and the patient. Being on the front line of patient care, a nurse will often find himself or herself spending more time speaking to the patient and his family members than the primary care physician ever will. As such, the nurse is in a unique position to facilitate the speedy recovery of the patient and also help ease the anxiety of the family. Oftentimes, the family members and patients will be anxious, afraid, embarrassed or distressed about their health situation, so they need a professional who can show them the respect, sensitivity,and empathy that they require throughout the time of the patient in the hospital. By doing so, the nurse will be able to help ease the psychological stress that everyone in the family is undergoing. Basically, being a nurse is a social job. It requires the nurse to be able to communicate effectively with family members. Putting them at ease whenever necessary and ensuring that she or he can help bridge the communication gap that often transpires between the patient, family members, and the doctor in charge. Sometimes, it is a thankless job, but the reward for the nurse comes at the end when the patient gets better and finally goes home to his family. Keep in mind that modern day nurses now hold a position of importance in the patient care community that rivals that of the doctors. The evolution of the job description has changed so much since the time of Florence Nightingale that nurses today no longer just sit by the sidelines, awaiting

The Chapters of my Grandmothers Life Essay Example for Free

The Chapters of my Grandmothers Life Essay An amazing, talented completely young at heart woman who has aged with complete grace and honesty; this is my grandmother, Gloria Whelan. I have dozens of perfectly clear memories from my childhood that would not be the same without her. I have always respected, admired, and attempted to pursue the astonishing way she has woven her faith and love into every aspect of her life. My grandmother recently had her eightieth birthday and is currently living in Northern Michigan with her husband Joseph. She has enjoyed a rewarding and successful career as a childrens author, and is well respected by her husband, friends, peers, and family. Her life, like many of her books, can be divided into chapters and the occasional picture that combine to paint the portrait of a truly remarkable woman. As we open the book of my grandmothers life, we see it began with a comfortable lifestyle, growing up as an only child. This was quickly catapulted into a much more meager living along with all families of America as the Great Depression struck. Her father lost everything he had, and her family was forced to move into apartment housing owned by her uncle. Everyone in her extended family had experienced a similar horrible loss and my grandmother found herself living amongst all her aunts and uncles. As an only child, she unconsciously seemed to fall into the roles of hero and lost child, diving into books in her spare time by always aiming high to reach her goals. Her relatives took on the mascot roles where holes had been left by the lack of siblings and she recalls many of their quirks or family humor from parties. The reality and difficulty of their loss was an incredible burden to her parents, and my grandmother felt that this affected her greatly. It caused to her always appreciate what she had, not only in terms of monetary value but also in terms of strong faith, hope for the future, family support, and good relationships. She always regretted not having a sibling, especially during these rough times where she found herself surrounded mostly by adults. During grade school, she pretended she had an older brother, and even named him Lancelot Reginald Bartholomew which obviously displays her creativity and love for imagination at an early age. Another thing that my grandmother regrets deeply was her parents being so overprotective. As an only child, it can be expected that parents are more defensive; however, my grandmothers parents did not allow her to participate in any physical activities, by herself or with other children. She was not allowed to bike, skate, or swim, and as a result never learned to how to do these seemingly universal activities. She feels that sports and exercise are important to social development and confidence as well as a sense of belonging with peers. At the young age of eight my grandmother came down with rheumatic fever which had her bedridden for a full year. Obviously, for an eight-year-old this is a very traumatic feat, which my grandmother found herself overcoming by diving into books. It was the beginning of a love that led to her career far before she could have guessed. It also allowed for introspective, personal time, which likely led to her great understanding of herself and others.

Analysis of the Tourism Sector and Employment Rates

Analysis of the Tourism Sector and Employment Rates CHAPTER 3 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS As in the previous chapter there was the theoretical and empirical literature review of impact of tourism on employment. This chapter will focus on the statistical analysis of tourism sector and employment. 3.1 Overview of Tourism sector in Mauritius Tourism sector is considered as the main pillar in the Mauritian economy. Mauritius has been experiencing rapid growth during the last few decades. The tourism sector is supervised by theMinistry of Tourism and Leisure, theMauritius Tourism Promotion Authority(MTPA) promotes Mauritius locally and internationally. The Mauritian economy has been continually changing and growing during the last ten years. As the Mauritian economy was dominated by the agriculture of sugarcane and then by the textile industry, the Mauritian economy now positions itself towards flourishing sectors such as tourism. Tourist arrivals in Mauritius have been increasing drastically during the last few years. This increased in tourist’s arrival has generated a lot of employment opportunities for the local people. Mauritius has experienced an increase of 3.7% of the number of tourist arrivals in the month of January 2014 compared to the month of January 2013 according to the statistic of Mauritius. The Tourism Authority is responsible for regulating, licensing and supervising the activities of tourists enterprises. The Association des Hà ´teliers et Restaurateurs de là ®le Maurice (AHRIM) is a non-profitable organization was set up in 1973 to represent and develop the interests of hotels and restaurants in Mauritius 3.2 Tourism Flows Mauritius was a late starter in competing for international tourist. In 1968 only 15,553 tourists visited Mauritius. The government provided initiatives for developing the tourism economy by improving the infrastructural road and by providing facilities at the international airport. In the first ten years of independence, there has been significant increase in tourist arrivals reaching 108,322 in 1978 and it reached 128,360 in year 1979. However, in year 1983 tourist arrival had decreased to 124,000. Since 1983 there has been a consistent increase in arrivals of tourist and 374,639 tourists were recorded in 1993. Tourism has benefited from an increasing proportion of credit from commercial banks during this period. Government has been consistently investing in the tourist industry by improving and expanding transport , harbour facilities, modernising the airport and the provision of education and training for hotel and catering industry. Tourists arrivals increased by 177,599 over the period 1994 to 1999 from 400,526 to 578,085. Thus from year 2000 to year 2013 tourist arrivals has been increasing year by year as Mauritius has been able to compete with its competitors and is becoming the dynamic industry for Mauritius 3.3 Trend of tourism in Mauritius Trend in Mauritius tourism is considered as a flourishing industry in the island. There is no denying fact that tourist arrival in Mauritius has been increasing year by year as Mauritius is considered as a paradise island which attract numerous tourist in the island. figure 3.3 From figure 3.3 it can be noted that during the year 2010 till the year of 2013, there has been a continuous increased in tourist arrival in Mauritius. From the year 2013 till the month of February 2014, there has been a significant increase of 300,000 tourist arrival in the economy. The statistics from the beginning of the nine months in the year 2013 has recorded that there has been a decrease of 2.3 % in the arrival of tourists from European countries. However in the other hand, Mauritius has experienced an increased in its arrival of tourist from other countries such as Malaysia (48.9%), china (97.1%), Singapore (12.9%), Japan (3.3%), Hong Kong (16.6), Africa (2.9%) and Unite Arab Emirates (63.8%). Thus it can be deduced that there is an increase trend of tourist arrival in Mauritius. These figures clearly show the global tourism trend and most of the arrival of tourist in Mauritius was from the Asian market. The statistics estimated an increased in the tourist arrival in the year 2014 as Asian market seems to become a prominent market for Mauritius. The statistician of Mauritius predicted that the figure of increased tourist arrival will be around 1.03 million. The Mauritius statistics data revealed that particularly Asia and china seem to be dynamic tourism for the Mauritian economy. The Mauritius tourism promotion authority is promoting Mauritius abroad as a tourist destination by doing more and advertising campaigns and by participating in tourism fairs and it is making promotional expedition and activities in Mauritius and internationally. The government has expanded the SSR international airport so that it can accommodate more tourists so that tourism sector in Mauritius becomes a well recognised market in international level. Many countries consider tourism as an engine for future development offering diverse opportunities. Technological advances are making travel easier and increasing the number of people who are travelling annually to spend their holiday. For small and large enterprise, those searching for employment and communities wanting to promote their culture and tradition, tourism are an easy industry to enter. Table 3.3: percentage changed in tourist arrivals ( Source: CSO Mauritius) From the above table it can be deduced that Mauritius has experience a total increase of 2.9 % in year 2013 from the year 2012. It has received a significant increase of tourist arrival from China which is 100.7 %. Thus China is becoming a leading market for China. The government has increased the number of flights per week to china so that it can boost up the economy by receiving more tourists and this will generate economic growth in the country. In addition the government is also taking initiative to make Mauritius a platform for medical tourism. More and more tourists are coming to Mauritius for the medical purpose also. According to the Tourism Office of Mauritius, South Africa exceeded UK visitors in 2012 and 40,490 South Africans visited Mauritius in year 2013 in contrast with a total of tourists of 89,058 in 2012. Thus Africans are showing great interest towards Mauritius for holiday destination. The room occupancy rates in Mauritius experience an uneven trend during the review period. According to statistics of Mauritius the occupancy rate decreased from 68.0% in 2008 to 61.0% in 2009 as there was a decline in demand from European travellers due to the euro zone sovereign debt crisis. In year 2011 there was recovery as the occupancy rate raised to 65.0 %. However as there was an excessive increase in the supply of hotel rooms in 2012, the occupancy rate decreased again in year 2012 as it reached 62.0 %. According toStatistics Mauritius, total passenger arrivals to Mauritius in year 2011 were 1,294,387 and tourist arrivals for the year attained 964,642.In year 2012 emerging markets,Russian people andPeople from China, registered positive growths of 58.9% and 38.0% respectively. According to theBank of Mauritiusthe gross tourism receipts wasRs44 billion in 2012. The forecast number of tourist arrival for 2013 is 1 million that is there has been a continuous increase in the development of the tourist industry in Mauritius. 3.4 Table Actual Tourism receipt Source: BOM statistics Table shows that revenue of tourist has been increasing year after year. However in year 2009 it has experienced a decreased of 13.3% from tourism revenue. Despite the decreased of tourism revenue in 2009 it has continue to increase which shows that more tourists has been spending their money in Mauritius and there has been an increased in tourist arrivals in the economy. The tourism industry of Mauritius has acquired a high level of excellence and international fame. It has also generated a large supply of foreign currency along with the creation of employment in relation to the tourism industry. 3.4 Trend of employment in Mauritius Table 3.5 Employment rate (source c.s.o) From table 3.5 it can be noted that compared with the corresponding quarter of 2012, there has been an increase in the labour force (+13,300) with an increase in both employment (+13,100) and in unemployment (+200). Compared with the previous quarter, labour force showed an increase of 2,000 in year 2013 with an increase in employment (+4,400) and a decrease in unemployment (-2,400). Thus there has been a positive trend in the employment in Mauritius as more and more people are being employed. According to travel and tourism economic impact 2013 Travel Tourism (Mauritius) created 69,500 employment directly in 2012 (12.1% of total employment) and this is forecast to increase by 2.2% in 2013 to 71,000 (12.2% of total employment). This includes employment by hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services. It also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists. By the year 2023, Travel Tourism will account for 95,000 jobs directly, an increase of 2.9% over the next decades. This shows that there is a continuous increase of employment trend in the tourism sector for the future of Mauritius. Table 3.6 shows the number of people employed for the period of 2000 to 2013 in the tourism industry. It can be noted that there has been a continuous increase in total employment in the tourism sector from year 2000 to year 2013. That is more and more people are being employed in the tourism sector during the last decades. Thus tourism sector is becoming a promising industry as it is generating numerous employments in the country which is beneficial for the economy of Mauritius. In 2012, the total workforce in hotels and restaurants represented 40000 workers that is, it represented a total of 7% workforce. The labour force is known for its high level of customer care. About 7500 unemployed people have got work experience in hotel and restaurant sector. Thus the labour force is increasing significantly. Moreover, the Mauritian tourist industry is no longer an absorber of low skilled labour. Government has taken necessary initiative to intensify the level of training and education of workers who were already working in the industry and also for potential workers who are seeking job in the tourism sector. Mauritius has a number of high level training institutions, both public and private, offering both formal and on the job placement in the hotels for operational, supervisory and managerial personnel. Some are specialised technical and vocational training institutions and others are universities. Numerous institutes in Mauritius are providing courses of professional standards for the tourism study as Vatel institute which has recently been set up in Mauritius. At present, we have a well trained and well educated labour force in the tourist industry. As a conclusion it can be noted that there has been a continuous increase in the trend of tourism and employment. Tourism is creating more and more employment both directly and indirectly in the Mauritian economy. Mauritius has become a tourist destination for many countries thus the number of tourist arrival is increasing significantly. It is generating more and more employment in the country which is boosting the economy. Government are taking initiatives to promote the tourism sector as this sector is creating economic growth.

Business Research Reactions of Employees to Performance Appraisal Essay

Appraisal Attitudes of employees towards performance appraisal system of a Transport and Contracting Company. 1.0 Introduction After the selection process the next formal assessment of the individual employee is the performance appraisal. Most organizations recognize that there is a need to monitor the effectiveness of their employees and to promote avenues for their improvement. Enormous amounts of time, energy and money have gone into the development of performance appraisal systems, but their successful implementation rests with the supervisors and managers who carry out the appraisal. Ultimately all human resource matters are matters of subjective judgment and the available research evidence suggests that assessors give more accurate ratings when they are not shown to employees and the final outcome does not involve promotion decisions. Assessors are often fearful of the negative impact of their appraisal on the individual?s pay, promotion and on the job security, as well as its potential to damage or even destroy a previously excellent working relationship. In the past most of the attention has focused on the development of appropriate measuring device and rating scales. However recent trends indicate a shift in emphasis from the procedures to the process and the dynamics of the supervisor-subordinate relationship. Employee development must be an ongoing process if organization is to retain its capacity to respond to the challenges of the future. It is an investment which pays off in the survival and growth of the organization. Employee development can only be effective if it is based on needs identified during the performance appraisal. The potentially relevant research for performance appraisal is very ... ...t will add to existing Knowledge? Existing literature and research reports that I have read concentrates more on to: use of rating in appraisal, ethical dilemmas facing performance evaluators and employees, comparing performance appraisal with total quality management, relationship between motivation and job satisfaction of the employee to the performance appraisal and relationship between productivity and performance appraisal. Since appraisal is done by a human, it can create serious motivational, ethical and legal problems in the workplace. Appraiser sometime tend to judge the work performance of others including subordinates, naturally, informally and arbitrarily. Here lie the roots for changing of attitudes of employees. In my research it will concentrate on the current working environment and the effect of determination of the issues by employees.

The Poisoning of Our Ozone Layer :: essays research papers

The Poisoning of Our Ozone Layer The poisoning of the Earth’s ozone layer is increasingly attracting worldwide concern for the global environment and the health effects of life on the Planet Earth. There is not just one particular cause for the ozone’s depletion; the accumulation of different pollutants into our ozone layer has all added up and equaled a worldwide problem. There is not just one effect from the poisoning of the ozone, but instead multiple ramifications from diseases to death. The damage to the ozone is increasing with every second; moreover, there are many ways we can help reduce the problem and preserve the ozone layer. Ozone is a pale blue gaseous form of oxygen, in chemical form it is also known as O3. Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on its location in the Earth’s atmosphere. If the ozone is located in the troposphere (which extends from the surface of the Earth up to approxiametly10 miles) it is a harmful pollutant and a major component in smog and other environmental health problems. Such tropospheric ozone can damage plastic, rubber, plant and animal tissue. Ozone located approximately 10-25 miles above the Earth’s surface, in a part of the Earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere is very beneficial. The ozone is a major factor that makes life possible on Earth. About 90% of the planet’s ozone is in the ozone layer. Ozone in this layer shields and filters out the Earth from 95-99 percent the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. A low level of ozone does not protect or prevent the sun’s ultraviolet rays from reaching the surface of the Earth, therefore, overexposing life on Earth causing many diseases. The depletion of the ozone is caused by many factors, but the one cause that will be elaborated on in the next paragraph is the main reason our ozone is continuously being poisoned. The major cause in the depletion of the Earth’s ozone layer is because of the release of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons also known as CFCs, are industrially produced chemical compounds that contain the elements chlorine, fluorine, carbon, and sometimes hydrogen that will break down the protective ozone in the atmosphere. Since CFCs are heavier than air, the process of CFCs reaching the ozone will generally take from two to five years to get into the stratosphere. When CFCs reach the stratosphere, the sun’s ultraviolet radiation cause them to break apart.