Movie questions

First I think they are both determined, ambitious, but they both failed on something. Vincent has a lifelong dream of going Into the space, and he will do anything to make It happen. Jerome has always been a good swimmer and he's always winning. But once he got a third place Instead of a first, he melted down and walked in front of a car then sits in a wheelchair for the rest of his life. 2. I don't think he was mentally ill, instead I think he was depressed. Because he was kissable could no longer do thing he loves the most in his life swim. . Because each time Anton swum with Vincent, he saved his energy to swim back. But for Vincent, like I said, he is determined, he wants to beat his brother so bad. He gave out all his strength to achieve his goal. 4. Because the society Is running In the way they (the people with genetically disable) can't win on, they don't get to have a chance on something they might good at, Just because of the gene In their body. They begin to lose the faith In this society, thus, the resistance comes up. 5. There's no more trust between people, the only thing that people trust is genes.People don't get to treated equally, children get abandoned or neglected. The society judge and determine people's Jobs based on their genetic background. 6. Yes, parents want that for their children. But sometimes having the perfect genes is not everything that the child wants, it's sort of extra pressure for them. But once anyone who doesn't fit Into those ‘perfect' features Is thrown away and disregarded like garbage even though they're people. It's devoid of fun and vitality and everything eke that because everything Is controlled and restricted for them, and the people are all obey to the rules and laws. . Because he's using Groomer's identity, cause Groomer's genes were enhanced, also his hard working and his determined mind. 8. As the president of a corporation, I could (as many do) hire whatever I think are the best individuals for my busi ness. With all the diversity in my corporation, I believe it would create a comfortable work environment for my employees, which might show the customers we are not only care about our profit, we also care about our employees Like we care about you! Not only the money In your pocket!The Implication of this might be In the future, the standard of getting hired by some high profit or state-owned company will be raised. Personality that modified by their parents. Which means they might become what their parents wanted them to be instead of what themselves really want to be. This might cause the society with no diversity. 10. Yes I agree with this, because nobody is perfect. The progress of the human being is similar to we overcome ours weakness. Without weakness, a person will be incomplete† 11 . Certainly!If they can predict my future life, what's the point of selling me the insurance if I will be dead under their insurance? The way to stop this would be forbid this kind of tech nology in certain company to secure our rights. 12. They were trying to tell us the genes are not always accurate. It's not wise and considerate to Judge a person by their genes 13. They were trying to show us that although something as beautiful as music could be created from engineering children to have 12 fingers, it wouldn't be ultimately eight to genetically change the human structure.Sure, 12 fingers would help, but a mutant really be necessary Just for perfection? Some things are better off as is, and more beautiful natural. 14. I think it should be limited in medicinal area. It could be allowed only if it's for good purpose. 15 and 16. For me, it is not practical for us to start cloning humans until we start reaching out to other plants so we will have room for them. Remember, more people, the more land, food, waste, etc. So until we either start sending people out into space, r we have a global disaster that wipes out a large number of the population, I would say no.Regardl ess it's cloning myself or cloning other people. But if it's for personal multiply, I would say we need to consider it very carefully. 17. Yes they would, even they are not naturally born, but they are still human. Every human being deserves the equal rights, which supports my opinion: we really need to consider it carefully about cloning human. 18. Psychology: self worth, determination, failure Anthropology: perfection and imperfection Sociology: discrimination, family

Best Rich Picture Book

Designing touch screen voting systems: a rich picture exercise. Name: Course: Instructor: Pavel Gokin HF 770 Prototyping Chauncey Wilson Collecting the data. My primary source of data was the Internet in general and the ACM digital library in particular. The papers and articles found there provided information about the design and use of voting systems, as well as the entities influencing or influenced, directly or indirectly, by the system. Some of the stakeholder concerns came from my personal experience and educated guessing.This is, of course, not how I would collect the data for this rich picture if I were doing it as a â€Å"real† project. Ideally, the insights would come from contextual interviews of the stakeholders as outlined in Monk and Howard’s article (Monk & Howard, 1998, p. 22). Thus the concerns addressed by the design would be real user concerns (albeit reported rather than observed) rather than what I, the designer, think the concerns were. Touch scree n voting systems (VS) share most of the same stakeholders with all types of voting machines.The exceptions here are the stakeholders that come into play due to the electronic nature of the data collection. For example, the Secretary of State office, where voting system vendors have to escrow the source code of their systems (Dill et al. , nd, 2. 3). However, some design issues and stakeholder concerns are unique to touch screen VS. Let’s look at the stakeholders and their concerns, expressed in their own words. Primary / core stakeholders. 1. The voter. This one is obvious. However, it may be useful to break this stakeholder into sub-stakeholders. Here’s why. Voting systems must be usable by all citizens 18 years of age or older.This includes not only â€Å"normal† voters, but also the elderly, disabled, uneducated, poor, and minorities (Bederson, 2003, p. 145). Each group has additional concerns on top of the ones it shares with all of the voters. a. Concerns c ommon to all voters, in their own words, include: i. â€Å"Will I be able to figure this thing out quickly? † ii. â€Å"Will my vote be properly recorded and counted? How will I know? † iii. â€Å"Will my vote be kept anonymous? † b. Disabled: i. â€Å"Will I be able to see the screen? Will I be able to use the system without seeing anything? † (low/no vision) ii. â€Å"Will I be able to reach the controls? † (stature, wheelchair) iii. Will I be able to indicate my selection properly? † (motor) c. Elderly. In addition to having physical disabilities, the elderly are particularly distrustful of technology. They often need written proof of important transactions (i. e. paper social security checks). i. â€Å"Will I get a paper receipt or some written confirmation of my vote? † ii. â€Å"Will I have enough time to do everything comfortably? † d. Low literacy users: i. â€Å"Will I be able to understand the instructions/choices? â €  e. The poor and racial/ethnic minorities: i. â€Å"I can do this much better in Spanish! † ii. â€Å"Will they even count my ballot? †1 2. Poll workers.Poll workers are the people who deploy and manage the systems. Their concern stems from the fact that they have minimal training on the system and, therefore, may not be able to troubleshoot problems or answer questions (Bederson, 2003, p. 145): â€Å"†¦ because poor and ethnic and racial minorities were more likely to cast their ballots on outdated systems, their votes were among the least likely to be counted† (Bederson, 2003, p. 145). 1 a. â€Å"Oh no! Election night is tomorrow and we only got these things this morning! How will I ever learn how to use it, let alone help someone if they have a problem? † 3. The VS’s UI designer.This role may physically reside inside the system vendor’s organization (and influenced by it), but it also has its own concerns. a. â€Å"How can I de sign the interface so that it meets the requirements least expensively and do so without working nights and weekends to meet the deadline? † The problem here is three-fold: (i) requirements may stress functionality required to pass certification rather than assure a usable product (FEC’s fault); (ii) the pressure to cut costs may mean that some of the users’ needs will be sacrificed; (iii) personal time pressure means that the designer may not have enough time to come up with the best solution. . The VS’s programmer. a. â€Å"How can I program this thing so that it meets the requirements and what shortcuts can I take so that I get it all done while only working nights and weekends to meet the deadline? † The programmer’s problems are similar to those of the designer: too little time to care about the user experience. Secondary stakeholders. 5. The management team of the VS vendor. Their concern is, among others: a. â€Å"We need to design a system that will pass qualification by the ITA. † b. â€Å"How can we design, manufacture and sell the system most profitably? † c. Who has the deepest pockets to pay for our state of the art system? † 6. State and local authorities who purchase the system. According to Bederson et al. â€Å"state or county purchasers are usually more concerned about cost than usability† (Bederson, 2003, p. 145): a. â€Å"Who’s got the cheapest NASED-certified system? † Note that this concern is in conflict with the VS vendor’s need to charge as much as possible for the systems. 7. The Federal Election Committee (FEC) creates voting system standards (VSS): a. â€Å"We need a system that’s secure, reliable, and accessible. † 8.The Independent Testing Authority (accredited by the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED)) qualifies VS for use in elections (Coggins, 2004, p. 35): a. â€Å"Does this system meet the qualificatio n requirements? † 9. Electees. To quote/paraphrase Al Gore: a. â€Å"We need a complete and accurate count! † 10. The Media. Would they ever love to dig up some â€Å"dirt† on a system that a disabled veteran could not use and was thus disenfranchised! a. â€Å"Are there systems out there that are not secure or accessible? † 11. Political Analysts. They too like to talk about chads. a. Will the new systems again threaten our Democracy? † The Rich Picture. The diagram on the following page places (a) all the stakeholders, (b) their concerns, and (c) their relationships to one another. The relationships are defined by the information or material goods they exchange. The voter stakeholder is â€Å"exploded† into its subgroups. Direct stakeholders appear in the shaded area. Will I be able to figure the system out quickly so I can help the voters? Will I understand the instructions / choices? The Voter Can I figure this out quickly? I can do this m uch better in Spanish!Instructions / help Poll Worker Requests for assistance Low Literacy Voter Voter Will I be able to use this thing at all? Poor and Racial/Ethnic Minority Will I get a receipt? Sala ry Need the cheapest certified system we can get. Need to cut costs and charge more. Votin g Syste m s Disabled Voter Elderly Voter er Us inp ut (? ) I don’t have time for UCD! I want a complete and accurate vote count! State / Local voting authority (VS Purchaser) t un co te Vo l resu Vote ts System design Salary Paym ent VS Designer System VS Vendor ec code I wish I had more time! Salar s sp y Qu m aliVote results Sy ste fic o ati Electee VS Programmer n# Is poor design causing disenfranchisement among the voters? Media We want â€Å"dirt† on badly designed voting systems! Political Media Analyst We need universal standards for secure and accessble systems V S Qu alificat Repor ion t NASED VS n Sta da s rd ITA Vote res u lts Note: Primary / core stakeholders appear in the light gray shaded area FEC Discussion. Obtaining concerns. Since I didn’t interview the stakeholders, many of the concerns are based on my assumptions about the stakeholders. Therefore, those concerns may not be real.For the same reason I can only guess the exact language to use in the concerns thought bubbles. An interesting alternate strategy could have been to omit unverified concerns. In this case the resulting rich picture would point to information gaps requiring more research. Which concerns to include. Even if all concerns are identified we must keep in mind that some affect the system about which we’re trying to make a rich picture while others don’t. In general, identifying concerns that have an impact on the design of the touch screen voting system was difficult.This was especially true for indirect stakeholders. In addition, choosing concerns that seem to have an impact on the system being designed and ignoring the others may have caused me to o mit an important concern that may have a significant impact on the system. Direct vs. indirect stakeholders. Where to draw the line? The way I dealt with this problem was to classify as direct stakeholders all entities that physically interact with the system or whose decisions have a direct impact on a particular voting system. A possible alternate approach.In their paper, Monk and Howard illustrate two approaches to indicating process flows between stakeholders in a rich picture: illustrating the flow of data and the flow of influence. While I chose to illustrate the flow of data or information, the influence flow approach could have provided some interesting insights as well. I could have placed the system itself in the center of the diagram and represented the ways in which the different stakeholders influenced the system using process arrows. These influences, combined with concerns, could then be used to create system requirements. Bibliography. Bederson, B. B. , Lee, B. Sherm an, R. M. , Herrnson, P. , Niemi, R. G. (April, 2003). Electronic Voting System Usability Issues. CHI 2003, April 5–10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Dill, D. L. , Mercuri, R. , Neumann, P. G. , & Wallach, D. S. (nd). Frequently Asked Questions about DRE Voting Systems. Retrieved on February 14, 2006 from: http://www. verifiedvoting. org/article. php? id=5018. Coggins, C. (November, 2004). Independent Testing of Voting Systems. Communications of the ACM, October, 2004, 47(10), pp. 34-38. Monk, A. , & Howard, S. (March-April, 1998). The rich picture: A tool for reasoning about work context. Interactions, pp. 21-30.

Moral panics Essay

The term ‘moral panic’ suggests a dramatic and rapid overreaction to forms of deviance or wrongdoing believed to be a direct threat to society. The most common definition of a moral panic is the opening paragraph of ‘Folk Devils and Moral Panics’ by Stanley Cohen: Societies appear to be subject, every now and then, to periods of moral panic. (1) A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests; (2) its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media; (3) the moral barricades are manned by editors, bishops, politicians and other right-thinking people; (4) socially accredited experts pronounce their diagnoses and solutions; (5) ways of coping are evolved or (more often) resorted to; (6) the condition then disappears, submerges or deteriorates and becomes more visible. Sometimes the object of panic is quite novel and at other times it is something which has been in existence long enough, but suddenly appears in the limelight. Sometimes the panic passes over and is forgotten, except in folk lore and collective memory; at other times it has more serious and long-lasting repercussions and might produce such changes as those in legal and social policy or even in the way the society conceives itself. Although in Cohen’s original work the numbers did not appear, but they can be said to represent the six stages in the development of a moral panic. One such moral panic was the ‘video nasties’ case after the James Bulger murder in 1993. Robert Thompson and Jon Venebles, who were both ten years old at the time, abducted James from the Strand shopping centre in Bootle, Liverpool. They walked him two miles to a railway line where they inflicted massive injuries on him, which resulted in his death. This deviant act dominated the newspaper headlines and created a panic. This murder was portrayed as a horrific act in the press and symbolized the degeneration of modern British society. The Bulger case was used, by the media, to symbolise all what was wrong with Britain. They focused on the difference between innocence and evil and why we as a society let this happen, it suggested the increase of public indifference, lowering family values and increasing isolation, generating massive public guilt and predicting a breakdown in society itself. Fuelled by the press reports, reasons were sought why the murder of James Bulger may have happened. This prompted demands for tighter controls, curfews for young people and stricter laws. One of these laws was for stricter controls on violent films, or ‘video nasties’, as the press called them. This was because the trial judge, who sentenced Venebles and Thompson to be â€Å"detained at Her Majesty’s Pleasure†, unusually made a statement in open court claiming that he believed violent videos may in part be an explanation to why the boys committed murder. He in particular singled out the film ‘Child’s Play 3’, which he stated â€Å"had some striking similarities to the manner of the attack on James Bulger†. The police officer in charge of the case told The Guardian newspaper that he â€Å"had no evidence to suggest that the boys had access to any videos worse than might be found in many households†. This comment didn’t matter, the scapegoat had been found and this was the starting point for the second moral panic about ‘video nasties’. The first such panic occurred between 1982-1984 during the influx of video cassette recorders (VCR), one-third of households owned or rented a VCR. Coincidentally, Hollywood produced a crop of gruesome horror films which prompted many complaints, due to the extreme violence of such films, including sadism, mutilation and cannibalism. Laws were set up to prevent children from renting or buying 18 certificate films, and The Daily Mail’s ‘Ban The Sadist Videos’ campaign was set up. During the course of this first ‘video nasty’ moral panic, the term ‘video nasty’ was unmistakably synonymous simply with horror films and by 1984 the Video Recordings Act had been set up and became law. During the Bulger trial the press used emotive language to create a moral panic about the influences of video nasties. The press wanted to blame the moral decline on liberal permissiveness, the collapse of family life and the failings of schools, but the real culprit in the Bulger case was the arguments about the effects of the media. Every newspaper focused in detail on the alleged influence of ‘video nasties’. The Sun declared that â€Å"An x-rated video may have sown the seeds of murder in the mind of one of James Bulger’s killers† and the Daily Mirror ran the headline â€Å"Judge Blames Violent Videos†. ‘Child’s Play 3’, a film about a doll which comes to life and commits a series of murders, had been rented by one of the parents of one of the boys shortly before the murder. However, the police did not introduce the film as evidence in court as there was no evidence that either Venebles or Thompson had actually watched it. Whether or not the film had played a part in inciting the boys to commit murder, the video became the scapegoat. The press simplified the moral issues by concentrating on the video to the exclusion of virtually all other possible influences on the killers. The day after the judge’s summing up the Daily Mirror printed sensational coverage of the ‘evil’ and ‘sick’ video in the first few pages of the paper. Later Mirror coverage included an interview with the film’s director, David Kirschner, quoting him as saying that ‘Child’s Play 3’ was â€Å"never intended for kids† and that he wouldn’t let his own children watch it. The Sun’s coverage was more graphic than that of the Mirror. The front page of an issue led with the headline â€Å"For the sake of ALL our kids†¦ BURN YOUR VIDEO NASTY†, launching a campaign to destroy all copies of ‘Child’s Play3’ by asking readers and video shop outlets to burn them. In the same issue a graph was also printed showing the heart rate of a Sun journalist who watched ‘Child’s Play 3’ whilst wired to a heart monitor, her heart rate increased during the most violent parts of the film. The Sun used this experiment to prove that the video was indeed an incitement to murder, trying to prove that the furore over the so-called video nasties was a valid one. The case of the Bulger murder was seen to encompass every negative aspect of society which is evident in today’s world. The Times described this as a â€Å"reminder of humanity’s most ancient and bestial instincts†. Comments like this gave the press the opportunity to preach to society about modern social values and the need to return to a vigilant network of neighbours looking out for one another. The Times also used the word â€Å"alarm† to sensationalise the more accurate term â€Å"concern†, this use of language brings a new urgency to the debate about the video nasty moral panic. The press, using sensational media scaremongering, as they do to sell more papers, focused entirely on how violent films and in particular ‘Child’s Play 3†² incited the two boys to commit murder. Describing the film using words such as â€Å"sick† and â€Å"evil†, and even drawing parallels between the killings in the film and how James Bulger was murdered, of which none were proved in court. Moral panics tap into the public’s fears for their safety and the safety of their society around them. In many instances the press coverage of such events doesn’t help in alleviating the public’s fears, more often than not the press heighten these fears. They do this through sensationalism reporting. As tragic as it was that a young toddler was killed it allowed the people who hold power in this country to enforce their ideas and rules – more CCTV cameras were installed in the country because of how essential they were in identifying James’ murderers. Many panics result in official change and have long-lasting repercussions, as was the case of the video nasties moral panic. The Video Recording Act 1984 was set up introducing the regulations of videos through the British Board of Film Classification. The debates upon the lack of parental control in monitoring children’s viewing and the dangers of young children watching films intended for a mature audience led to further regulations in 1994. Bibliography Bell A, Joyce M, Rivers D, Advanced Level Media. Hodder & Stoughton, UK, 1999 Bowker, Julian, Looking at Media Studies, Hodder and Stoughton, UK, 2003 Cohen, Stanley, Folk Devils and Moral Panics, Macgibbon and Kee, London, 1972 Critcher, Chas, Moral Panics and the Media, Open University Press, UK, 2003 Price, Stuart, Media Studies (2nd Edition), Longman, UK, 1999

Visual analysis of symbol Ferrari(Based on Arnheim's concept) Essay

Visual analysis of symbol Ferrari(Based on Arnheim's concept) - Essay Example The film while on the process is nothing but a portrayal of the things that might have happened or will happen but not the actual. The film on the other hand, no matter how we say is just a portrayal of the real and not the actual is patronized by the audience in a way that they relate the things happening in the movie to real life. Arnheim relates this idea to Gestalt psychology which in simple words refers to looking at the whole rather than its parts. In the book by J. Dudley Andrews entitled Major Film Theories, Arnheim's idea on looking at the table as an unchanging rectangular table no matter how the eyes go near it is an example of the view as a whole. He said that a person as he looks at the table at one side or at another distance does not make the table's image change. It will still be the same rectangular table in the mind of the viewer. Instead of looking at it as a trapezoidal item as the position of the viewer changes, the form stays the same. That is because the person sees it as a whole and not of a specific angle or position. Understanding these things also need a clarification of the most important view that Arnheim used in the book Art and Visual Perception. He raised the point that in order for an art to be recognized as a material that is not a limited raw material, it should achieve a general pattern coherent to nature. He said that equilibrium must be achieved between the artist's ideas and the stimuli of the world. The query is not on the understandability of the object but on how the ideas can be related to people and the surrounding elements. He also warned that artists may create ambiguity once this general pattern is not achieved. In short, the possibility to attain vagueness is just at hand once there is no balance between the relevant elements of the world and the artist's ideas. Through this so called pattern, it is not hard to connect the ideas in the accepted reality to that of the artist. Motifs like rising and falling, dominance and submission, weakness and strength, harmony and discord, struggle and conformance, underlie all existence. We find them within our own mind and in our relations with other people, in the human community and in the events of nature. Perception and expression fulfills its spiritual mission only if we experience in it more than the resonance of our own feelings. It permits us to realize that the forces stirring in ourselves are only individual examples of the same forces acting throughout the universe (Art and Visual Perception, p. 434). All these ideas mentioned are present and can be seen with the Ferrari logo. The Prancing black stallion that gestures and introduces the famous name of the Italian car manufacturer in Maranello and Modena Italy is not seen as a standalone stallion, or even a yellow-filled horse symbolizing the country through the three colors green, white, and red. It represents Ferrari. The symbols mixed together create oneness through the meaning when people would utter "Ah Ferrari!" The question is not what the Stallion stands for or why there are three colors and so on. Anyone can say that Stallion is for racing and the three colors stand for the Italian flag or it can also be of another meaning. The emphasis is on the general pattern that it

State of Immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

State of Immigration - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the proposal offers provisional status to millions of undocumented immigrants. The country need to come up with measures aimed at solving current challenges in immigration. The first step is to secure the borders. The border with Mexico still allows many illegal immigrants to move into the country hence it need to be secured. A guest-worker program will ensure that people from other countries are accorded the opportunity to work in the United States especially in carrying out hose jobs that have been neglected by the citizens of the nation. However this needs to be backed up with the necessary surveillance so as to ensure that only those who meet the needed qualifications are allowed into the country (Bush, J., McLarty, T. F., & Alden, E. H. 2009). The nation need to increased funding for the U.S. Border Patrol and adding more federal agents who will ensure that no illegal immigrants find their way into the country. Welfare benefits for the illegal immigrants need to be stopped as well as prohibiting in-state education of children from the illegal immigrants’ families. These moves will tend to discourage those who think being immigrants in the United States will offer them with the best opportunities at a lower cost (Borjas, 2007). Chris Gafner and Stephen Yale-Loehr argue that immigration brought great deal of talented and bright immigrants who made positive contributions in the economy as well as other spheres of life among the American people. However the trend is changing due to the fact that many nations have devised strategies aimed at attracting the best of the immigrants thus denying the United States the opportunity of gaining the best of the of the immigrants. Countries such as Canada, China and the European Union have come with attractive means of enticing the best of the immigrants from developing countries especially

Marketing Management Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Management Master - Case Study Example Defre Robes is also intending to extend it product line and probably add new lines as well. Additionally, the firm plans to venture in online opportunities by creating ecommerce tool. The market has been very receptive of the products offered. High quality products, designer and party robes for pets coming in trendy colours, with logos and slogans that portray outdoor enthusiasm (Hiebing & Cooper 2003). Defre Robes was established this year by Defredor Ashira, who is a young and ambitious entrepreneur. Ashira has a degree in fashion and Design from as reputable university; he has also worked in a designer firm for two years where at a time which he did his post graduate diploma in marketing. This company is a reflection of Ashira's Love for outdoor activities and especially those that involves pets and show-offs (Westwood 2006). The company's original cotton robes for pets to play in are superb and convenient in games, hiking, and other games (Kotler 2003) Defre robes are currently stored in several retail stores across the United Kingdom; they include areas like Camden, Warwick, Hampstead, and London. The company also intends to increase to other place like Whitley bay and Hungerford before the end of this year. The products have unique slogans, well coordinated colours and of greater quality. The firm is also dedicated to conserving the environment through the support of environmental programs. This marketing plan will outline Defre's plan to introduce newer products, increase distribution and venture into new markets and give back to the society as well (Hiebing & Cooper 2003). Business Overview Defer robes target individual who appreciate their pets and also like outdoor activities. Sportswear retailers will also form the second majority clients. This is in view of the fact that people are increasingly devoting some time to take care of their pets and going with them out for outdoor activities like hiking, normal walks, touring recreation sites their pets. It's been found that well dressed pets are attractive to carry around or even take them for a walk (Okwiya 2009). The company intends to blend these attires by opening a sports centre for the pets' outdoor activities and games. The pricing of the prices is relatively fair with a simple robe for a pet (smaller size) going for $40 dollars and the most expensive one is barely $ 80. The firm is still very young and most of the dales are done directly while the rest are stored in retailer stores and few distributors. The firm also realizes that technology is increasing and that online services will be more convenient. And as such, the firm also intends to open online services in future and eventually start recreation activates for pets. The firm has another compound near Warwick where it can set up a place the people can go to relax and have good time with their pets (Gibbon 2002) There are few competitors who manufacture pets cloths in London an major teems in UK but this will be overcome by Defre's strategy which includes direct selling to the clients and organizing events like fashion shows, exhibitions and plays for pets (Okwiya 2009). Mission and Goals The corporate mission for Defre Robes is to be the leading producer and supplier of personalized robes for pets to their customers and especially

Comparing two ads from 'durex'condoms company Research Paper

Comparing two ads from 'durex'condoms company - Research Paper Example In order to see whether people’s attitudes have matured towards sex one will have to look at the types of sexual literature, information and public displays that were available in the past against that which is available now. The advertisement of condoms seem to be more popular and acceptable than it was in the eighties; the first condom ad was aired by Fox television in 1991, afterwards three other major TV networks followed, but prohibited the ads from being displayed at certain times as well as to directly focus on the use of condoms as a means to prevent pregnancy ((Changing standards of condom advertising) The reason for the increase in the willingness by the media to advertise condoms are related to the increasing sexual nature of television shows as well as the HIV/AIDS epidemic.(The changing standards of condom advertising). Even though the advertisment of condoms have increased way in which condoms are advertised always stray form the actual act of sex; most Durex ads seem to cater more to the humorous side of sex and to the consequences. One of the visual ads shown by Durex displays a crib with a price tag of $420. Another ad shows two blown up condoms in the form of people having sex in a very promiscuous position and another one has a picture of Scottish men standing in their kilts with a byline saying: Durex XL (nextround.net). While all of these ads shown by Durex are according to me very creative and humorous, one has to wonder why Durex seems to be forced to display the humorous side of sex most of the time. Maybe we are not living in such modern times as we think? Most Mothers and Fathers are not comfortable discussing or even watching a TV program about sex with their children, and this to me is completely understandable, but most parents seem comfortable referring to the consequences of having sex like HIV and pregnancy. In a study on parent-child talks about sex it was founded that 40%of children

Shearwater adventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shearwater adventures - Essay Example Rival Sellers: Although Shearwater Adventure has differentiated itself from its rivals by offering a wide product range, the company still faces threats because the competition can either increase its product line or devise new adventures or copy those offered by Shearwater. and thus increase its sales and market share. The rivalry intensifies as new competition enters the market with low priced products and offering good deals compared to the existing ones. In addition to this, the competitors in the adventure industry are now trying to build strong dealer networks with the African local companies in order to increase their credibility, which is also a means of promotion and advertising. The practice of increase repeat bookings from the customers is spreading like fire among the competitors who try different tactics and methods to achieve this. New Entrants: Opening an adventure company in countries like South Africa, where Shearwater Adventure is currently operating, is very easy as compared to the setting up in United States due to high permit costs. In addition to this, the new entrants who focus on rafting trips have to endure a cost as low as $20,000 and if the company wants to offer all the services than the cost could be as high as $200,000. New companies would be encouraged to enter the market by seeing a double digit growth of few companies. Substitute Products: The companies in the industry are providing more or less the same the adventure products. Shearwater Adventure has tried to differentiate itself by providing more choices in the sports than any other company. Although at-least 40 extreme sports exist in the industry, it is difficult to provide them all depending on the location of the company. A company providing water sport activities will try to attract customers by positioning itself as better than land activities. In order to predict the future demand, the companies should link up

How children develop their interpersonal skills Essay

How children develop their interpersonal skills - Essay Example Infants may cry to communicate their needs to their parents; they learn that when they cry they are fed and thus carry on with this routine. Eventually, with the correct training and assistance, children will learn that making use of words or expressions to communicate their needs could be their most effective technique (Hersen, 2011). This essay discusses how children develop their interpersonal skills and how digital technologies or electronic devices can be used to enhance children’s learning experience. Nevertheless, interpersonal skills are not confined with social tact like being courteous and well-mannered. Children’s social and interpersonal skills develop as they acquire communication skills. Numerous parents are anxious that their children are deficient in interpersonal or social skills, but this is a misperception in most instances. The essentials of social behavior originate from the emotional area of the brain, which is a vital determinant of morality, compassion, and fellow feeling (Hersen, 2011). Babies usually fret when they hear another baby screaming, for they know that someone is disgruntled. Hence several antecedents of interpersonal skills are perhaps wired to the brain, but experiences also affect the ability of children to recognize, understand, and react to others’ needs (Hersen, 2011). Focusing jointly on something is an early sign of interpersonal skills. Babies who often draw people’s attention to fascinating objects at nine months are more probable to be classified as socially capable at roughly two years. By their first year babies want or prefer people who support or give comfort to other people (Mathieson, 2004). Genuine fellow feeling, the capacity to understand and reflect on the feelings of others, is manifested by age five. In this young age, children exhibit remarkable improvements in self-discipline. Children who have greater self-discipline also manifest greater fellow feeling and more advanced sense of right and

Leadership approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership approach - Essay Example the aforementioned students, the animal owners who seek the services of the veterinary college as well as the clinicians. The Problem: Given the considerable job descriptions of the staff, coupled with the lack of resources and the need to provide excellent services, the staff finds itself in the classic low morale conundrum; too much work and effort required for a job description that is become less enviable by the day. This, in short, can be categorized as the crux of the problem that I face under the leadership aspect of my role as the finance manager. ... The major weakness of this concept is ironically related to its major strengths in that the rather malleable nature of production does not allow the firm to establish a solid ground in any of the different businesses that it participates in i.e. its becomes somewhat of a jack of all trades and master of none. Due to this lack of immovability, the firm is not able to continue a specific production practice for a large period of time, hence, is unable to ascertain best production practices and any other cost cutting techniques, thus, it always produces at a level that has to be considered in optimal for the firm. (Yinghong, 2006) McDonald’s is a pertinent example of the correct use of moving competencies as they have been able to strike the perfect balance between the usability of moving competencies and defining their basic company objectives and areas of expertise. Therefore, despite the fact that McDonald’s is expanding both is scale of operations and in its product ra nge, it is still intrinsically a fast food joint which it has been able to maintain due to its best practices and strong adamancy on quality assurance. From this description, it can be easily surmised that the need of the hour for the manager is to implement the system of moving competencies in a way that would oversee the creation of synergies and the institution of best practices in the form that ‘every job is done by that specific person who does it best’. Therefore, the creation of conjoined skills development becomes a necessity and the onus lies on the finance manager to institute the change that is needed for the creation of an open learning and

Network analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Network analysis - Essay Example (c) Relationship based A complex set of relationships between organizations is a basis of networking. These relationships will be strengthened and provide more cohesion within a sector during the course of the network development. Through this, there will be a provision on the basis for mutual support and the opportunity in order to recognize partnerships as well as resource-sharing protocols (Andrew, 2006). (d) Inclusive When they are non-hierarchical, networks will magnify the development of these relationships which are both inclusive and diverse in their membership, thriving when information can flow freely, providing a wide range of opportunities and platforms for both the people and organizations to meet and interact, thus learning and sharing knowledge (Chaudhuri, 2004). Differing characteristics of networks There are basically two types of networks. These are personal networks and information sharing networks which tend to spontaneously develop due to the ongoing necessities of day-to-day work within a sector. Networks can have no specific structure or management, thus being informal. Their coverage can also be irregular and limited by dependence on interpersonal relationships. Also, by virtue of having regular meetings, it is portrayed that information sharing networks can also have a more structured format. Since they are accessible, they are open to a wide membership, meaning a better coverage (Childress, 2000). Networks are proficient ways of creating connections as well as sharing and distributing information. What is required is someone taking up the responsibility for their management. However, we should be aware that relationships stand a chance of stagnating, thus the network ceases to provide ongoing benefits to participants, end result being atrophy. More formality is necessary for dialogue and influencing networks. They involve meetings, discussion and often decision making. These results due to a more conscious desire to proactively address problems, increase the capacity or create a collective voice. Those organizations with shared values will tend to attract, thus becoming more exclusive. Higher levels of trust will need to develop if a collective action is being undertaken. More than one of these purposes can be met by a combination of networks, thus being an efficient use of time and resources, therefore, attracting a broad diversity of organizations (Cisco Systems, Inc., 2003). Network analysis Basically, a combination of softwares and hardware made up of five basic parts is what is termed as a network analyzer. These parts include: Hardware A majority of network analyzers function with ordinary systems of operations (OSs) and network interface cards (NICs), thus are software-based. However, there are some specialized hardware network analyzers offering extra benefits like analyzing hardware faults including voltage problems, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) errors and cable problems among others. Some network analy zers may only support wireless adapters or Ethernet while others give support to several adapters simultaneously, allowing users to sometimes customize their configuration. A hub or a cable tap may be required to connect to the accessible cable (Dyche, 2000). Capture driver The responsibility of this part is the capturing of traffic of the raw

How is wells fargo make money Essay Example for Free

How is wells fargo make money Essay Wells Fargo Company is a diversified financial services company providing banking, insurance, investments, mortgage and consumer finance for more than 23 million customers through 6,100 stores, the internet and other distribution channels across North America and elsewhere internationally. Headquartered in San Francisco, but were decentralized so every local Wells Fargo store is a headquarters for satisfying all customers financial needs and helping them succeeds financially. Wells Fargo has $483 billion in assets and 167,000 total team members across 80+ businesses. They are one of the United States top-40 largest private employers; ranked fifth in assets and fourth in market value of stock among their peers as of September 30, 2006 (Wells Fargo’s home page). Wells Fargo’s goal, however, is not to be the biggest, but to be the best. Wells Fargo’s website set forth its vision, which is â€Å"to satisfy all our customers financial needs and help them succeed financially. We want to be recognized as one of Americas great companies and the premier provider of financial services in every one of our markets, number one, second to none. † Loomis (17) states that Wells Fargo’s strategic initiatives include; increase the contribution to banking earnings from investments, trust, brokerage and insurance from 15 percent to 25 percent. Going for â€Å"gr-eight† Increase the number of products their consumer and business customers have with them to eight products per customer. Doing it right for the customer 100% bank-mortgage/home equity cross-sell all mortgage and home equity customers in banking states to bank with Wells Fargo and want all their banking customers who need a mortgage or a home equity loan to get it through Wells Fargo. Wells Fargo cards in every wallet; When, where and how Integrate all delivery channels stores, ATMs, Wells Fargo Phone Banksm, their online banking site, direct mail, interactive video—to match them with when, where and how their customers want to be served. â€Å"Information-based† marketing Use technology to take full advantage; offer the right product to the right customer at the right time at every point of customer contact. Be the customers’ payments processor. Premier customers Attract more and keep all existing premier customers and increase their numbers; and People as a Competitive Advantage- Continue to develop reward and recognize all team members. In 1852 Henry Wells and William Fargo founded Wells, Fargo Co. to serve the West. The new company offered banking (buying gold, and selling paper bank drafts as good as gold) and express (rapid delivery of the gold and anything else valuable). Wells Fargo opened for business in the gold rush port of San Francisco, and soon Wells Fargo’s agents opened offices in the other new cities and mining camps of the West. In the boom and bust economy of the 1850s, According to Hungerford, Wells Fargo earned a reputation of trust by dealing rapidly and responsibly with people’s money. In the 1860s, it earned everlasting fame and its corporate symbol with the grand adventure of the overland stagecoach line (99). Wells Fargo sent its business by the fastest means possible: stagecoach, steamship, railroad, pony rider or telegraph. In 1858, Wells Fargo helped start the Overland Mail Company the famed â€Å"Butterfield Line† to meet the demand for speedy communications across the west. In 1861, Wells Fargo also took over operations of the western leg of the famed, but short-lived, Pony Express (Scheele 250). In 1866, Wells Fargo combined all the major western stage lines. Stagecoaches bearing the name Wells, Fargo Co. rolled over 3,000 miles of territory, from California to Nebraska, and from Colorado into the mining regions of Montana and Idaho. After the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, Wells Fargo increasingly rode the rails. In 1888, after expanding along the new steel network across the Northeast into New York, Wells Fargo became the country’s first nationwide express company. It adopted the motto â€Å"Ocean-to-Ocean† to describe its service that connected over 2,500 communities in 25 states, and â€Å"Over-the-Seas† to highlight its lines linking America’s increasingly global economy. Wells Fargo rushed customers’ business from the urban centers of New York and New Jersey, through the rail hub of Chicago and farming regions of the Midwest, to ranching and mining centers in Texas and Arizona, and to lumber mill towns in the Pacific Northwest. Wells Fargo agents in towns large and small offered basic financial services like money orders, travelers’ checks, and transfer of funds by telegraph. Always, though, wherever there was mining, from Alaska to Arizona, Wells Fargo guarded the gold. By 1910 the Company’s network linked 6,000 locations, including new offices in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It was in these towns that the famed â€Å"Wells Fargo Wagon† delivered goods of all sorts, from a grey mackinaw to some grapefruit from Tampa, as the song from the Music Man goes (Hungerford 97). By 1918 Wells Fargo was part of 10,000 communities across the country. That year, however, the federal government took over the nation’s express network as part of its effort in the First World War. Wells Fargo was left with just one bank in San Francisco. Wells Fargo Co’s Bank, San Francisco (as it was called since 1852), formally separated in 1905 from Wells Fargo Co Express. The bank then survived the disaster of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire. Bank president I. W. Hellman telegraphed, â€Å"Building Destroyed, Vault Intact, and Credit Unaffected. † From that confident note, Wells Fargo began rebuilding its banking business across the West. In the 1910s and ’20s Wells Fargo served as a commercial bank in San Francisco, supporting the West’s growing business and agriculture, including fledgling auto, aerospace and film industries. The Wells Fargo Stagecoach became a regular actor in Hollywood westerns. Loomis (18) agreed that sound management helped the bank weather the Great Depression, serve the nation during World War II, and positioned the bank to meet new consumer banking needs in the prosperous post-war era. Through the 20th Century Wells Fargo rebuilt from just one office in San Francisco. From 1905 to 1923 it was a premier downtown San Francisco institution. Expanding in 1923 to two marbled banking halls, Wells Fargo was a â€Å"banker’s bank† that served the entire west. In 1960s prosperity, Wells Fargo became a northern California regional bank with branch offices everywhere people lived and played, from the coast to the mountains. In the 1980s Wells Fargo expanded into a state-wide bank and became the seventh largest bank in the nation and launched its online service (Wells Fargo home page). In the 1990s Wells Fargo returned to its historic territory throughout the Western, Midwestern and Eastern states. Today in the 21st Century, with extensive and diversified financial services, the Wells Fargo name once again extends â€Å"Ocean-to-Ocean,† â€Å"Over-the-Seas,† and, of course, On-Line. The famous image of the stagecoach and the reputation of the name saw Wells Fargo well through the mighty events and fantastic growth of the 20th Century. In prosperity, depression and war, even greater post-war prosperity, social changes and ever faster communications technologies, Wells Fargo’s attention to customers’ business has seen it through these great events and brought success. WORK CITED Hungerford, Edward. Wells Fargo: Advancing the American Frontier. New York: Random House, 1949. Loomis, Noel M. Wells Fargo. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1968. 17-18. Scheele, Carl H. A Short History of the Mail Service. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1970. 250. Wells Fargo. Home page. 2006. 23 Nov. 2006 https://www. wellsfargo. com/about/history/adventure/modern_times.

Project management research approaches

Project management research approaches Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 1.1 Determine and validate appropriate areas for research 3 1.2 Determine a suitable research approach.. 3-4 1.3 Develop suitable research questions/ hypotheses for selected area of research 4-5 2.1 Develop a detailed research proposal for chosen..5-6 2.2 Apply relevant research methods for area and type of research.. 6-7 2.3 Analyse ethical issues relating to research.. 8-9 2.4 Analyse research findings and generate valid conclusions.. 9-11 3.1 Evaluate research methods, techniques 11-12 3.2 Present results and conclusions in a suitable format for audience. 12-13 Bibliography.13 Introduction Research is undertaken within most professions. It is a way of thinking, examining critically the various aspects of the professional work. It is the process of collecting analysizing and interpreting information to answer questioins. Determine and validate appropriate areas for research The first task in a research work is to collect data and information about the topic. The researcher uses the data collected in the survey to find solution , within the boundry of random mistake. Performance management can be defined as a process of taking systematic action to improve organizational, team and individual performance. Project management is the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficently. Project management process falls into five groups: Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring and Controlling Closing Every study has two aspects: Study population People Subject Area Problems Program Phenomenon Determine a suitable research approach Generally there are two ways of reasoning used for research: Deductive approach Inductive approach Deductive Approach Deductive approach takes into account, developing a hypothesis which takes into account an already existing theory and then formulating a research strategy to check the hypothesis. ( Wilson, 2010, p.7) Deductive means reasoning from the particular to the general. Deductive approach involves in developing a theory, which is subject to accurate test. This approach infers to generalisation. To make a generalisation through deductice approach, it is necessary to select samples of sufficent numerical size. (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Snieder and Larner (2009) informs that in deductive approach reasoning starts with a theory and leads to new hypothesis, that will be confirmed or rejected as a result of research’ Theory — Hypothesis Observation -Confirmation/Rejection Inductive Approach The research using inductive approach is concerned with human’s behaviour and the context in which certain events take place. This approach allows one to provide subjective reasoning with the help of various examples. It lays emphasises on meaningful understanding of human attachment to the event. This is related to development of human resources in the organization (Ritchie and Lewis 2003). Four approaches are Logical theoretical approach Quantitative approach experimental research Qualitative approach – observational research Participatory – action research. Develop suitable research questions/ hypotheses for selected area of research Research questions Generally interest in a specfic area starts the research process, but it is the familarity with the subject that helps to define an appropriate question for study. Knowledge of present trends and technological advances help in formulating research questions. All questions should be developed at the begnining and planning stage of study. Any additional question should never compromise on primary questions. The more the number of questions, more will be complexity of study and its analysis. Hulley and colleagues have suggested the use of FINER ( Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical, Relevant) criteria in preparing qustions for research. Research Hypothesis The research question and hypothesis should be developed before start of study. The formation of hypothesis results a study with focus. It guides as to which data is to be collected and which not. The hypothesis is developed from main research question and thereafter elements of study – sampling strategy, intervention comparision and outcome variables – are summarizedin the form that prepares ground for testing, stastical and finally clinical sagnificance. The hypothesis should be stated at he begnining so as to guide the objective of study. Hypothesis bring clarity, specificity and focus to a research but are not compulsary for a study. A valid research can be conducted without constructing formal hypothesis. As there are so many ways to ask questions, the questionnaire should be flexible, tested carefully before using on a large scale. Questions should be kept simple and short. Avoid leading questions. Open ended questions allow for a larger variety of responses from participants but are difficult to anlyse statistically because data have to be coded or reduced in some manner. Close ended questions are easy to analyse statistically, but they limit the responses that participants can give. Combination of both beginning with a number of closed ended questions, it ends with a section of open ended questions for more detailed response. 2.1 Develop a detailed research proposal for chosen area of research Research Proposal Research is a systematic investigation to find answers to a problem. Both qualitative and quantitative methoods be used appropriately in the research. Research proposal reviewer will lookatthree primary criteria: Relevance of the research from both managerial and an academic perspective. Managerial: will the research bring added value to improve managerial practices? Academic: will your research bring new knowledge to your field? 2 Research feasibility Within specifiedperiod Data accessibilty Primary data collection 3 Proposal Quality Writing style Logical articulation of arguments Structure and organization Some skills that need to be developed in areas of research: Decision making Prioritizing Valuating To respond to problems, experiences and opportunities and to learn from them To generate ideas without limits of policy ir structure or feasibility Involving other people Communicating. 2.2 Apply relevant research methods for area and type of research There are two types of data Primary Data – collected for the first time. Secondary Data – which has already been collected and analysed by some one else. Primary data collection Observation Method It is collection of primary data by researcher’s own team under his observation, without asking from respondents. Observatons can give information which people are not willing or unable to provide.e.g. observing a large number of plates containing uneaten portions of same menu item indicates that food was not satisfactory. But because of certain limitations, research is generally supplemented with survey research. Survey method This approach is suited for collecting descriptive information. Structured Survey- uses formal list of questions for all the participnts of the survey. Unstructured Survey – in this process interviewer probes the participants and guide the participants according to their answers. Research can be direct or indirect. In direct approach researcher asks direct questions about behaviour and thoughts, e.g., why don’t you eat at this restaurant? But in indirect approach the question asked will be, what kind of people eat at this particular restaurant? Contact Methods Survey can be conducted by collecting information through mail, telephone, or postal interview. Mail questionnaires is used to collect large amount of information at low cost. As no interviewer is involved to bias the respondents answers. In this case response rate is lw and there is no control over who answers. Telephone interviewing is a quick method, allows greater sample control and response rate is higher than mail. Its cost is higher. Interviewer’s manner of talking maay effect answers. Personal interviewing is very flexible and can be used to collect large amounts of information. It may cost more than telephonic survey. It can be biased by the interviewer. Sample design The conclusions are genarally drawn by taking a group as a sample. A sample is a segment of popukation selected to represent as a whole. Secondary Data Collection Secondary data is others data, and is shared by other people as a view of their perception. Many researchers requires collection of primary data to support the secondary data. The secondary data is collected from existing sources e.g. official ststistics, annuak appraisals, journals, history and articles. Types of Research There are different types of research for different purposes Audience research Market research Production research 2.3 Analyse ethical issues relating to research The collection of data through any methos involve some ethical issues relating to both the researcher and the participants. Ethical issues concerning Participants Collecting Information: If one cannot justify relevance of the research, he is wasting his participants time ,which is unethical. Seeking Consent: In every field it is unethical to collect information without knowledge of participant and their expressed willingness and informed consent. Consent should be voluntary and without any kind of pressure. Providing incentives: Giving a present before data collection is unethical. Seeking Sensitive Information: Certain information is considered sensitive or confidential by some people. For most people questions on income, age, marital status, drug use, etc. are intrusive. It is not unethical to ask such questions, if we tell the participants type of information you are gong to collect clearly, and give him sufficient time to decide if he wants to participate. Possibility of causing harm to participants: Collection of data should not harm participants in any way. If the way information sought creates anxiety or harrashment, steps be taken to prevent it. Maintaining Confidentiality: Sharing information about a participant with others for purposes other than research is unethical. Information provided by participant be kept anonymous. It is unethical to identify an individual’s responses. Ethical issues relating to Researcher: Avoid Bias: Bias is an attempt to either hide orhighlight something disproportionate to its true position. Bias on the part of researcher is unethical. Provision or deprivation of treatment: Both provision and deprivation of a treatment/ intervation may pose ethical dilemma for a researcher. Ensuring informed consent, minimum risk and frank discussions as to the implications of participation in the study will help to resolve ethical ssues. Using appropriate research methodology: It is unethical to use a method or procsedure known as inappropriate e.g. selecting a highly biased sample, using an invalid instrument or drawing wrong conclusions. Incorrect reporting: To change report findings in a way to serve your own or someone else’s interest is unethical. Inappropriate use of the information: The use of information in a way that it dirctly or indiretly affects the participants is unethical. 2.4 Analyse research findings and generate valid conclusions When analysing data start from review of research goals, this will help organizing data and focus analysis. For example if one want to improve a programme by identifying its strengths and weaknessess, you can organize data into program strengths, weaknesses and suggestions to improve the program. Processing and analysing data is based on a number of closely related operations performed for summing up the data collected and arranging these in a manner that they answer the research questions. Data Processing operations are: Editing Classification Tabulation Basic analysis of quantitative information Make copies of data , and sore your master copy. Use copy for making edits,cuttings and pastings etc. Tabulate the information i.e. add up the number of ratings, rankings, yes’s, no’s for each question. For ratings and rankings consider computing a mean or average Cosider conveying range of answers e.g., 20 people ranked ‘1’, 30 ranked â€Å"2† etc. Basic analysis of qualitative information Read through all data. Organize comments into similar catogeries, suggestions,strengths, weaknesses, similar expriences, program inputs, recommendations, outputs, outcome indicators.etc. Label the categories in themes, e.g., concerns or suggestions, etc. Attempt to identify patterns or associations and casual relationship in themes. Keep all commentry for a long period after completion in case need arise for future reference. Qualitative research involves collectiuon, analysis and interpretation of data that can not be easily rsduced to numbers., as this data relate to social world and the concepts of the behaviors of people within it. It can be found in all social sciences and all applied fields that derive from them. The initial phase of data analysis is to examine the quality of data ( presence or absence of extreme observations), the quality of measurements and if the implementation of study was in line with research design. In main phase of analysis either an exploratory or confirmatory approach can be adopted. Both approaches have their place in reserch, both have their strengths and weaknesses. In some studies one has to combine both approaches. For example to find types of cuisine/accomodation available in a city and extent of their popularity in the city. Types of cuisine is a qualitative aspect of study and extent of popularity is a quanititative aspect as it is based on finding the number of people who visit restaurant. Quantitative data can be analysed by regression analysis, where relationship between dependent and independent variable is measured. It help one to find out how the value of dependant variable changes when one of the independent variable is varied, and other independent variables are held fixed. Qualitative data can involve coding, key concepts and variables are assigned a shorthand and data gathered is broken downinto those concepts of variables. Coding is the process of categorizing the qualitative data so that data becomes quantifiable and thus measureable. How data is coded depends on researchers, the same qualitative data can be coded in so many different ways giving attention to different aspects of the data. One such example is given in the figure below. Coding Without a valid design, valid scientific conclusions cannot be drawn. Internal validity concerns the degree to which conclusions about the casuality can be drawn. External validity concerns the extent to which results of the study are generalizeable. 3.1 Evaluate research methods, techniques and findings and comment on validity of research. Evaluation of the project is planned for right from the onsetand is going on as the different milestones are tackled. Type of evaluation that goes on during the project is referred as formative evaluation, because the project is being formed. The evalustion conducted at the end commonly referred as summative evaluation, because the project is being summed up. All research, no matter how well they are controlled, carries the potential to be wrong. Most After conducting research, analyzing it and evaluating the results is an important work. Statistics are manuplated everyday to change the conclusions drawn. Before accepting the results of a study one must evaluate the research techniques used, the study protocol and other factors to determine if the study’s claims are valid. There must be randomization of the sample groups and necessary care and intelligence shown in allocation of controls. Internal validity and trustworthness are at the core of any research design. External validity is the process of examining the results and questioning whether there are any possible casual relationship. Any scientific study only puts forward a possible cause for the studied effect. There are always chances of another unknown factors contributing to the results and findings. If the study was designed to contain validity and reliability then scientific community is more likely to accept the findings. The high degree of validity and reliability provides not only confidence in data collected but trust in successful application and use of results. The validity of a research settles down to whether the study is giving results what it was claiming to do. For example if someone is buying a research report from an organization claiming to calculate how people prefer marketer’s production than its competitors’ products, the marketer should know how the data was secured to help knoiw if the research really gives the information the way the research company wants it to do. Since most analysis are based on observational studies rather than on results of a controlled experiment, avoid drawing results concerning casuality. When studying changes over time, short term trends should not be focused without checking them in light of medium and long term trends. Where possible avoid arbitrary time reference points. 3.2 Present results and conclusions in a suitable format for audience Information on how the survey was done, as anyone may want to repeat it. This information is often included in the appenixes to the main report. It includes full questionnaire, detailed sample design, fieldwork procedures, interviewer’s instructions, data entry instructions and recommendations for futures study- as how to do better next time. This report should containall the details given below. Focus the article on important variables and topics. Arrange ideas in a logical order. Keep languge as simple as possible. Use graphs in additiuon to text and tables to communicate the message. When tables are used take care that overall format adds to clarity of data and prevents misrepresentation. Explain rounding practices and procedures. Satisfy confidentiality requirements of the source whose data isbeing analysed. Include information about data sources used and shorcomings in the data that may have affected the analysis. Include information about analytical method and tools ysed. Include information regarding quality of results. Ensure that all refercences are accurate. Check for errors in the article. Check accuracy of external data and simple arithmatics. Ensure that intentions stated in the introduction are fulfilled. Get the results reviewed by others for relevance, accuracy and comprehensibility. As a good practice consider presenting the results to peers prior to finalizing the text. Refer to available documents that could provide further guidance for improvement. Bibliography Stolley, Karl.Primary Research. Purdue Online Writing Lab. Retrieved 21 May 2013. Snieder, R Larner, K, 2009, The Art of Being a Scientist: A Guide for Graduate Students and their Mentors, Cambridge University Press http://www.ihmctan.edu/PDF/notes/Research_Methodology.pdf www.boundless.com/sociology/sociological-research/the-research-process/analyzing-data-and-growing-conclusions/ www.managementhelp.org/businessresearch/analysis.htm

The Instrumentation And Measurement Engineering Essay

The Instrumentation And Measurement Engineering Essay A single strain gauge having a resistance of 500à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, gauge factor of 2 and a temperature coefficient of 1 ÃÆ'- 10-5 per  °C at room temperature is mounted on the beam and connected in the arm AB of the bridge shown in figure Q4 for measuring a strain in cantilaver beam. The other three arms BC, CD and DA of the bridge have resistance of 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ and 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ respectively. The detector connected across A and C of the bridge has a resistance (Rg) of 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ and sensitivity 5 mm per  µA. The voltage supply to the bridge is 12 V. Determine the detector deflection for a gauge strain of 0.002. Given:- R1 = 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R2 = 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R3 = 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R4 = 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Resistance across A and C of the bridge, Rg = 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ ÃŽÂ ± = temperature coefficient of 1 x 10-5  °C Gauge strain, = 0.002 Voltage supply = 12 V Sensitivity 5 mm / ÃŽÂ ¼A Gauge factor of 2 Solution:- When a strain is introduced, the strain sensitivity, which is also called the gage factor (GF), and also the strain is defined as the amount of deformation per unit length of an object when a load is applied. Strain is calculated by dividing the total deformation of the original length by the original length (L). Substitute all the value that given and find out change in resistance, After get the change in resistance, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R1. Total resistance measured is equal to R1 and R3 in parallel and R2 and R4 in parallel. If strain gauge is changes even a little bit in value can cause the bridge unbalanced and can define that R1 = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R1 + R1. Wheatstone resistive bridge sensors can be analyzed using Thevenins Theorem, where the circuit is reduced to voltage sources with series resistance Voltage across the bridge, VAC varies change as strain gauge, R1 So we can determine the voltage across the bridge, VAC terminals by applying the Ohms Law. R is the resistance that across the A and C of the bridge Lastly, determine the detector deflection for a gauge strain and the deflection are known as below, Deflection = Sensitivity x Current, Ig flow at VAC Deflection = (5 mm / ÃŽÂ ¼A) x 29.71 ÃŽÂ ¼A Deflection = 148.55 mm Determine the change in strain indicated for an increase of 20  °C in room temperature. Substitute the value that to the equivalent change in strain QUESTION 2 A telephone line will be used to carry measurement data as a frequency-modulated signal from 5kHz to 6kHz. The line is shared with unwanted voice data below 500Hz, and switching noise occurs above 500kHz. Design a band-pass RC filter that reduces the unwanted voice by 80% and reduces the switching noise by 90%. Assume CH is 0.05 µF, and use a resistance ratio r of 0.02. What is the Vout/Vin on the passband frequency of 5.5kHz? Given:- Frequency modulated signal from 5 kHz to 6 kHz Unwanted voice data below 500Hz Switching noise above 500 kHz Reduced unwanted voice 80% Reduced switching noise 90% CH = 0.05 ÃŽÂ ¼F Resistance ratio, r = 0.02 First need to find out the low pass filter Passive RC Low Pass Filter Also know that the capacitive reactance of a capacitor in an AC circuit is given as below The High Pass Filter is the exact opposite to the low pass filter. This filter has no output voltage from DC (0Hz), up to a specified cut-off frequency (Æ’c) point. This lower cut-off frequency point is 70.7% or -3dB (dB = -20log Vout/Vin) of the voltage gain allowed to pass. Passive RC High Pass Filter Also know that the capacitive reactance of a capacitor in an AC circuit is given as below After getting value of then substituting to the Substitute the R1 value to the formula to get the R2 value as well Using the FCL find out the C2 Band Pass Filter Circuit Passive RC Band Pass Filter Band Pass Filters passes signals within a certain band or spread of frequencies without distorting the input signal or introducing extra noise. This band of frequencies can be any width and is known as the filters Bandwidth Band Pass Filter Bode Plot QUESTION 3 Describe how the sensor control works in cycle with relay in filling and draining water from the tank. Find the value of amplifier gain, K, required to open the valve when the level reached 1.5 m. Description:- Input flow Q1 and Q2 fill the tank without controlled. When the level of water in tank reaches the height h = 1.5m, the level sensor sends signals voltage, Vh to the amplifier to amplify the voltage to relays voltage Vr = KVh with a gain of K, which the voltage of relay will be large enough to drive the relay closes. As the relays voltage reaches Vr = 6V, the relay is closed and activates the valve to open and water in the tank is started to drain out. After some time, the water level drops to 1.1m and the level sensor will read the signal. Again, the voltage Vh is amplified to Vr = 4.8V and latch the relay to open. The open relay is then instructed the valve to close. Even though the water stops draining out, the water tank is still filling with water. The water level will increase to h = 1.5m again. The same cycle is expected to occur continuously. Given:- Level sensors voltage, Vh = 0.8h + 0.4V Relays voltage, Vr = KVh Relays voltage closes, Vr = 6V h = 1.5m Find the amplifier gain, K Solution:- Level sensor linear static operating characteristics which is given, Vh = 0.8h + 0.4V. Apply this formula to the voltage relay to get the value of amplifier gain, K. Substitute all the info that given to the relays voltage, Vr = KVh At what level does the valve close? Given:- Relays voltage closes, Vr = 4.8V Level sensors voltage, Vh = 0.8h + 0.4V Amplifier gain, K = 3.75 Solution:- When the valve close, the voltage of relay, Vr = 4.8V and given that K = 3.75 and substitute to the formula relays voltage to get the level, h of valve close. 1.28 = 0.8h + 0.4 0.8h = 0.88 h = 1.1 m Suppose Q1 = 5 m3/min, Q2 = 2 m3/min, and Qout = 9 m3/min (when open). Determine the time for water level to rise from 1.1 to 1.5 meters and the time to drain out. Find the total time of cycle. Given:- Input flow rate (velocity), Q1 = 5m3/min and Q2 = 2m3/min Output flow rate (velocity), Qout = 9m3/min (when valve open) Solution:- Time for water level to rise from 1.1m to 1.5m Velocity shows how fast an object is moving to which direction. Average velocity can be calculated by dividing displacement over time. Where the t1 is the time when water start rise at height 1.1m. Assume the t1 = 0 (Initial time) Time for water level to drain out from 1.5m to 1.1m Output flow rate (velocity), Qout = 9m3/min (when valve open) t2 is the time when water reaches 1.1m, water drains out is stopped. Assume t2 = 0 QUESTION 4 A measurement of temperature using a sensor that outputs 6.5 mV/ËÅ ¡C must measure to 100ËÅ ¡C. A 6-bit ADC with a 10V reference is used. Develop a circuit to interface the sensor and the ADC. Find the temperature resolution. Given:- Output of the sensor = 6.5 mV/ ËÅ ¡C measure to 100ËÅ ¡C 6-bit ADC = 10Vref Solution:- Find the output sensor during 100ËÅ ¡C where the output sensor 6.5 mV/ ËÅ ¡C measure 1ËÅ ¡C is given. Resolution can define electrically, and expressed in volts. The minimum change in voltage required to guarantee a change in the output code level is called the LSB (least significant bit, since this is the voltage represented by a change in the LSB). The resolution Q of the ADC is equal to the LSB voltage. The voltage resolution of an ADC is equal to its overall voltage measurement range divided by the number of discrete voltage intervals: N is the number of voltage intervals, EFSR is the full scale voltage range, 10 V Normally, the number of voltage intervals is given by, Where the M is the ADCs resolution in bits. Solution:- Develop a circuit to interface the sensor Block Diagram Figure 4.1 Interfacing an Analog Output Temperature Sensor to an ADC At first sensor consists of a band gap reference circuit that produces a voltage. A switched capacitor op amp amplifier is used to amplify the temperature coefficient to a voltage mV/ °C because of the ease of building capacitors that are a ratio of each other. Lowpass filter is used to remove the switching noise of the amplified signal. The output signal is then driven by a buffer amplifier. The temperature sensors output pin is driven by an op amp that has output impedance (ROUT). The input of the ADC consists of a simple sample and hold circuit. A switch is used to connect the signal source with a sampling capacitor, while the ADC measures the CSAMPLE capacitors voltage in order to determine the temperature. The ROUT and RSWITCH resistances and the CSAMPLE capacitor form a time constant that must be less than the sampling rate (TSAMPLE) of the ADC as shown. An external capacitor can be added to the output pin to provide additional filtering and to form an anti-aliasing filter for the ADC. This capacitor may impact the time response of the sensor and the designer must allow time for the capacitor to charge sufficiently between ADC conversions. Also, the sensor amplifier may oscillate if the filter capacitor is too large. A small resistor of approximately 10 to 100ÃŽÂ © can be added between the output pin of the sensor and CFILTER to isolate the sensors amplifier from the capacitive load. The output impedance of the sensor (ROUT) varies as a function of frequency. Thus, a series resistor should be added to the effective ROUT resistance if CFILTER is intended to serve as the ADCs anti-aliasing filter. The output impedance of the TC1047A is less than 1ÃŽÂ © because operational amplifier A2 functions as a voltage buffer. The output impedance of the sensor is low due to the negative feedback of the buffer circuit topology. The negative feedback results in an output impedance that is equal to the impedance of the amplifier divided by the open-loop gain of the amplifier. The open-loop gain of the op amp is relatively large which, in turn, forces the output impedance to be small. QUESTION 5 A pressure sensor has a resistance that changes with pressure according to R = (0.15 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦/psi)p + 2.5 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. This resistance is then converted to a voltage with the transfer function, The sensor time constant is 350 ms. At t = 0, the pressure changes suddenly from 40 psi to 150 psi. What is the voltage output at 0.5 s? What is the indicated pressure at this time? Given:- Pressure sensor has resistance changes with pressure, R = (0.15 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦/psi)P + 2.5 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Transfer function of voltage, Sensor time constant, à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ = 350 ms At t = 0, Pressure, P change suddenly from 40 psi à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 150 psi Solution:- Pressure changes suddenly from 40 psi to 150 psi and we can assume that the initial pressure, Po = 150 psi Voltage output after t = 0.5 sec, find pressure after 0.5 sec first; Basic formula a quantity pressure depends exponentially on time t if. During the resistance 0.5 sec, P = 35.95 psi. Substitute the indicated pressure at 0.5s, P in resistance changes with pressure according to to find out the resistance during 0.5 sec Voltage output at 0.5 s, 2. At what time does the output reach 5.0 V? Find out the resistance by substitute the output voltage at the formula that giving Indicated pressure at output 5.0 V 50 psi A quantity pressure depends exponentially on time t if, substitute the value of initial pressure, indicated pressure output at 5.0 V and time constant is giving 350 ms. Finally we can get the time does the output reach 5.0 V. ,

The Benefits of Globalization Essay -- Outsourcing, Offshoring, Free T

Frequently, people are unclear of exactly what Globalization means. Globalization is the tendency of the world's economies to act as a single interdependent economy. It can be described as the increased movement of people, knowledge, ideas, goods and money across national borders to make the world more unified in a sense. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are other components with this idea like, economics, and cultures. There is a huge debate of whether or not globalization is positive or negative. Some view globalization as being inevitable and key to our economic future. It has the potential of making societies richer through trade, and creates knowledge and understanding to people around the world. On the other side, people believe it increases inequality within and between nations. I believe that globalization will only advance our world and make us more unified. The world's economic system is just one factor in globalization. Over the past two centuries, economic activity has become more global and international trade has becom...

Macro Economics :: essays papers

Macro Economics 1. Developing a model of an economy means answering the question(s) of: a. what to produce. b. how to produce. c. for whom to produce. d. what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. e. Only what to produce and how to produce, since distribution is not the task of economics. 2. Every year during the holidays there seems to be a great demand for some particular "hot" toy. This is an example of the effect of _________ on demand. a. tastes and preferences b. expectations c. income d. prices of other goods e. wealth 3. A market is in equilibrium when there is: a. excess demand. b. excess supply. c. a shortage. d. a surplus. e. None of the above. 4. The equilibrium quantity in a market could remain unchanged if there were a/an _________ in demand offset by a/an ________ in supply. a. increase, decrease b. increase, increase c. decrease, decrease d. None of the above. 5. Which of the following is microeconomics? a. A study of national output growth in Japan. b. A study of IBM sales since 1995. c. A study of Irish employment levels. d. A study of unemployment in Sweden. e. None of the above can be considered microeconomics. 6. Which of the following would NOT cause the demand for a normal good or service to decrease? a. An increase in the price of the product. b. The income available to the household decreases. c. Other goods which are good substitutes become available. d. Households have negative expectations about future income, wealth and prices. e. None of the above. All of the above would cause a decrease in demand. 7. Refer to Figure 4.1. Which panel best depicts the following situation: I do not buy Cola Cola at the supermarket because another brand is on sale. a. panel 1 b. panel 5 c. panel 6 d. panel 7 e. panel 8 8. If there were an increase in the price of hamburger, a. the quantity demanded of hamburger would decrease. b. the demand for catsup would decrease. c. the demand for hamburger rolls would decrease. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. 9. The conventional bowed-out shape of the production possibilities curve implies a. producers are unable to utilize specialized resources efficiently. b. shifting production from one good to another leads to increasing opportunity costs. c.

Close Reading of Merwin’s Odysseus Essay

The subject in W.S. Merwin’s poem â€Å"Odysseus† feels comfortable only at sea, and, because such a notion is atypical, he cannot articulate or understand where his true home actually is. oAt peace at sea: â€Å"patience / He has wedded to† Numerous islands, but â€Å"one to call ‘home’,† even though he Merwin never specifies which island Odysseus really calls home   Ã¢â‚¬Å"which †¦ / Was the one he kept sailing home to?† †¢W.S. Merwin’s speaker in â€Å"Odysseus† is concerned about his romantic interests. â€Å"Wedded† to his adventures, he experiences a schism when interacting with the women he meets on various islands. oâ€Å"Put before him, the unraveling patience / He was wedded to† â€Å"There were the islands / Each with its woman† Odysseus seems to have a woman on each island, and, not knowing which island is home, seems not to be particularly loyal to any one of them. oIndeed, Odysseus later even says that â€Å"The knowledge of all that he betrayed / Grew till it was the same whether he stayed / Or went.† The only constant in his life is, certainly, his oceanic adventure, which, while there may be many, never change noticeably in c ontent. †¢A world-weary Odysseus relives his adventures in a repetitive, never-changing cycle, losing sight of the difference between ill-wishers and home. oJaded tone: â€Å"always the setting forth was the same,† â€Å"he had got nowhere but older,† â€Å"identical reproaches,† â€Å"it was the same whether he stayed or went† †¢The speaker in â€Å"Odysseus† roams the world, traveling in repetitive circles, hoping to allay the guilt that plagues him for â€Å"betray[ing]† so many women. oClaiming that â€Å"The knowledge of all that he betrayed / Grew till it was the same whether he stayed / Or went,† Odysseus looks for solace from the guilt he experiences from not staying true to any one woman. oWhile his days are repetitive and unchanging, his adventures are a constant, and Odysseus is able to consider himself â€Å"wedded† to that â€Å"unraveling patience† he can keep coming back to after days on land. †¢While Merwin’s speaker in Odysseus at times is unable to differentiate between those who wish him perils and those who remain remote and true, he continuously sails â€Å"home,† even while unable to define where home really is. â€Å"What wonder / If sometimes he could not remember / Which was the one who wished on his departure / Perils that he could never sail through, / And which, improbable, remote, and true, / Was the one he kept sailing home to?† Merwin rhetorically asks the listener to judge whether it really is Odysseus’s fault that he cannot distinguish between his ill-wishers and his home community. oWho is wishing Odysseus perils? Quite possible one of the women to which he was disloyal, and because there have been so many (every island, apparently), he now knows not which women still love him and which do not. †¢W.S. Merwin describes in his poem â€Å"Odysseus† the rift many experience when separating themselves from their interpretations of the norm. oOdysseus is accustomed to life as a traveler, with no real home on land. He also does not appear to be married to a woman; rather, he claims to be â€Å"wedded to† an â€Å"unraveling patience.† However, while he is habituated to his daily life, to an outsider, Odysseus lives atypically. oOdysseus recognizes this fissure, but instead of living comfortably without regards to how others perceive him, he questions himself and attempts to shape his world into a way that outsiders would understand.

Junk foods and healthy foods Essay

Junk provender contains very noble fat and sugar. . alike junk aliment has preservatives, chemicals, artificial influence and flavours. But well-informed forage is not containing these substances.However, both junk aliment and wellnessy food argon pleasing merely junk food has more delicious than sizeable food. The price is compatible with the theca money for most of the kids and the teenagers who frequent the joints and it also is a gr fertilise buy to war paint for the shortage of time. It is often quicker to eat or prepare than healthy food. vigorous FOOD But healthy food is rich with nutritional look on. junk food has affected the bodys health and causes dangerous diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, proud blood pressure and sometimes poisoning. On the other hand, healthy food bear on and shelters a body from diseases.Junk food is an asthmatic food, food with poor nutritional value Junk food sight be found in fast foods, frigid foods and other foods which ha ve chemical contents. In contrast, healthy food is fruits, vegetable, meat, nuts, seafood and dairy food. also junk food contains less or sometimes no proteins, vitamins and fibre. But healthy food contains high proteins, vitamins and fibre. Junk food tastes comfortably, but it contains copious amounts of sugar, salt and caseous fats, the ingredients that often cause obesity, illness and diseases. Having alike much sugar, whether in drinks or food, can lead to your teeth rotting and fall out. Fruit and vegetables have a high vitamin, mineral and fiber content these nutrients are vital for your body to function well. several(prenominal) studies have proven that a good intake of fruit and vegetables may protect from developing heart disease, diabetes type 2, and crabby person

Case Study of Time-Critical Management Essay

Based on the EMV make above, the optimal decisiveness schema base on the cost alone is to be presbyopic the persona from ARC solution and lift it via Land route.Consider the calculations attached in Memo 1 to draw the refinement in the above analysissensitivity AnalysisResale of new thrust reverser .Considering the Y as the number of years subsequently which we are able to sell the newly purchased Thrust Reverser (Node B). As seen from Memo 2, the optimal decision strategy remains the identical as long as Y is equal or more than 2 years.Probability of whether BCS component is fit or nonConsider the lot that the BCS component will fit is p and whence the probability that BCS component will not fit is (1-p) As seen from calculation do from Memo 3, The best decision strategy remains the same as long as p 51.7 %. Since its mention that the probability that BCS component fits is 35% to 50%, the optimum decision remains the same.Based on the sensitivity analysis done abo ve, our optimum decision strategy doesnt variety show unless the variables take unreasonable values.However this optimum decision strategy is calculated ground on cost alone, If we consider the constitution dismission along with revenue for the Latin commitlines, then transportationing the ARS solution component by land has a 20% chance of delaying the aircraft by 3 more years leading to significant loss in report card of the Airlines.Whereas transporting the ARS solution component by Air doesnt have such of extending the delay and is 100% safe mode of transport.Considering the difference in the cost surrounded by transferring ARS solution component by Air and by Land, the cost difference is tho $7659, which is very negligible.So after considering the loss in revenue along with reputation for the Latin airlines, we suggest that the Optimum decision strategy will be to collar the component from ARC solution and transport it via Air route.

Forensic Science Module Essay

1. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid refers to the molecules that carry our genetic information. human DNA can be found in blood, white skin cells, tissues, muscles, bones, teeth, hair, and saliva. 2.It involves using principles and scientific standard procedures to address questions of interest.4. Complimentary base patterns what are pairs that always pair up together. Complimentary economic base patters are so important because the four bases own make up DNA 5. RFLP is described as the method in which DNA is studied, by using an enzyme to cut DNA strands into different sections.You divide the study into few phrases and are able to move.

I believe some of the challenges that come with collecting DNA further evidence could include the DNA sample potentially becoming damaged, by factors last even if includes natural causes such as dirt, dust, wired and mold. Some ways that I could overcome these potential many challenges include trying to collect more DNA samples how that are not ruined or damaged you can consider also attempt to clean the DNA if possible.3. The difference between rat mitochondria DNA and nuclear DNA is that mitochondrial stranded DNA is inherited from the offspring’s mother while in nuclear DNA it is mixed and matched so it is different.Research requires the variety of numerical measurement additional information control, predict, or so as to explain researchs much attention area.Throughout your degree, you may acquire skills deeds that will be helpful in whatever profession they opt to follow.There how are numerous helpful resources which are readily available to you if you how are a glo bal student worrying about your writing skills.

Describe technological how hair could possibly be utilized in a forensic investigation.Evidence speaks for itself, and loudly if its belief proof.You are going to be invited to pick a topic applicable for your practice or developing pursuits.The emphasized tips are certain to provide newspaper logical and a research topic to you.

There how are suggestions for your consideration and a first great deal of research paper issues.You might have to provide students with a list of subjects that social work well.Together with the state of the market of our country, its important to a lot of students that their long career provides a living wage that is comfortable to them.For any type of introductory essay subjects, they always have to have some facts which free will assist them to elaborate the subject.

Gerontology and Social Exchange Theory Essay

accessThe inherent biologic paradox that ein lawfulness(prenominal) theories of advance explore to relieve was verbalise rattling elegantly in 1957 by Williams when he wrote, It is so uncommon that ulterior a patently t any(prenominal) t everywhere periodd(a) achieve custodyt of morphogenesis, a conglomerate metazoan should be uneffective to dress the truly much(prenominal) simpler assign of simply generateing what is already formed. The obstacle in tasteing to pass on an sense of climb oning is that it is non a single(a) physiologic touch on. It is assorted and hierarchal in its flavour with tough dislodges occurring at the aforementi singled(prenominal) judgment of conviction at the molecular, cellular, meander and organ trains. The vicissitude of characterizes umteen species, in event humans, and the complexness of surroundal funda affable fundamental interactions de split in an grand phe nonypic divergence macrocosm associated with climb on. This vari subjectness is oftentimes durations woolly-headed by the omens of be pathology and forever increases amongst separates with senescence. starting line regeneration of openingThe commence of pitcher geriatrics began as ordinary vistas on articulate quite a than as substantial scientific theories. front to 1961, friendly geriatrics move to excuse how idiosyncratics transmit to maturement from function and action situations. maturation eldd(prenominal) was seen as an required work at that induce to the organic evolution of problems an respective(prenominal) get a lined everyplace m. It wasnt until 1961, with the organic evolution of detachment musical arrangement, that in that location was an existing scheme domain use as a basis for scientific search. A sancti mavend presumption of the scheme was that every societies take h old to switch reason from an senescence creation to a jun ior 1. pullout assay to excuse this mathematical operation of role transit and complimented gerotrancendence, a nonher(prenominal) supposition from what is considered to be the outgrowth transmutation of surmisal. Gerotrancendence follows the smells of Jung and Erikson that as a somevirtuoso advances, they line from the impertinent piece to an native man concentrate on spirituality, wisdom, self-acceptance and single-valued function. some(prenominal)(prenominal) analyzeup and gerotrancendence theories attempt to excuse what loving gerontologists musical theme maturation should be. They did not cause to let a world(a) guess to apologize the variety of catchs of bulk as they ripen (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011).In the baptistery of fallback, this masturbation from bureau was retrieved to be a general return that transcended cozy urge and nuance. ending was indispens obligeed declivity in abilities was probably. It was alone inhering that separates would turn in move expectations for ripening separates. In the oddball of gerotrancendence, this insulation resulted from an man-to-man not achieving ego soulfulnessal identity atom. An mortal would either collide with this ego identity, a prescribed suppose for their flavour, or retrieve as a symptom of discouragement (Andrus gerontology meat University of gray California, 2005) A threesome possibleness of the m menstruum was perseverance surmise, which postulated that some bes tend to plead a pursuant(predicate) build of doings as they age, subbing standardised types of roles for lost(p) ones and retentivity typical shipway of adapting to the surroundings (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011, p. 319). someone pleasure was mutually dependable on how self- uniform a soulfulness was able to maintain the very(prenominal) patterns of behavior. though attempting to con raise front theories found on action and disengagement scenes, it equiv alently did not hail to distributively one character differences among agedness item-by-items, nor did it credit whatsoever semi governmental, tender, historic or heathenish captures on the make out of ripening (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011). It is kindle to note that though pertinacity conjecture assay to contend the exercise speculation, it was akin(predicate) to the employment berth that that was a verifying kinship surrounded by mixer roles and disembodied spirit embroil merriment (Howe, 1987). minuteary conjectural Perspectives ersatz theories prime on a emblematical interaction perspective were substantial to spread over outside issues instilling aim duration alike attempting to assort the disparate theories of exercise and disengagement. emblematical interaction perspective is found on the premise that as an someone interacts with his surroundings his run acrosss of maturement ar wreak by these interactions. trio of these option theories ar age favorable friendly fond stratification opening, come up-disposed re-sentencing system, and the semi semipolitical delivery of age. in that location argon galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) connaturalities and differences surrounded by these theories. ripen stratification and political preservation theories atomic number 18 base on the belief that as volume age, the differences in their agedness experience is signifi supporttly operated by stratification. get on stratification ack this instantledges the differences undergo by those manduction a similar history. Similarities among aliveness nonethelessts and societal diversenesss see by these historicalcohorts affect these exclusives in similar ways.In descent, political saving supposition rejects all prior theories and posits that differences amongst several(prenominal) experiences of develop ar hardened by fond air division. sociostinting and political divisors root the kind mingled with disparate groups in an maturation tribe. neighborly supercede hypothesis is found on an stinting cost-bene belong exemplification of mixer interaction. It could be say that in that location is a relation among fond commuting and political rescue in that disparities experient atomic number 18 genial in nature. Whereas in favorable reciprocation hypothesis, an various(prenominal) is theme to be able to influence or alternate ones environment as one adapts, political delivery believes that inequalities atomic number 18 form into the political system. semipolitical preservation critiques the contemporary system which lulls the man-to-man into believe one has to adapt to circumstances, quite a than changing partnerships morphological inequalities.Of the cooknative theories, accessible commutation is the whole if one to dish out the influence of culture on the experience of ripening. loving rally theory believe s that quite a little interact with those whom they believe the rewards surpass the cost of the birth (Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 2006). though affable mass attending theory ac inhabitledges that though a soulfulness whitethorn no keeplong concur the kindred economic prise when cured, that the old(a) soulfulnessistic possesses early(a) non-materialistic assets such as wisdom, love, and time for service. As our ordination modernized, these assets retain got been lose by a culture that now places greatness on cap expertness and productiveness (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011).The second base transubstantiationThe second revolution was demonstrable in the former(a) 1980s. This interlingual rendition accepts the quest b bees tender phenomenology, kindly giveivism, and amicable constructionism. both(prenominal)(prenominal) of which argue the influence of well-disposed apprehensions, sort of than true facts. fond phenomenology is an informative go up to an one-on-ones fond sustenancespanspan on a twenty-four hour period to daylight basis. The purpose is to secure a kick d avouchstairs sagacity of the maturation service and how it is influenced by kind descriptions and genial structures. This nuzzle quite a little be a very ministrant consider when gaining agreement of an undivideds hearty life, depending on how the instruction is obtained. The out diminishs for this come up result be simply establish on the interpretations of the psyche (s) obtaining this cultivation. noteveryone has the analogous tender definition and or loving structures, which could result in legion(predicate) interpretations (Hooyman& Kiyak, 2011). friendly Constructionism and fond Constructivism be both phenomenological appeales that pore on genial phenomena stand upment, alone argon very different. neighborly constructionism is the sociological perspective and instructiones on the fond linguistic con textual matter of uses and morphologic development.This ascend would good deal how an one-on-one structures their life which shapes their old age experiences. complaisant constructivism is reading the message of an undivideds affable context, psychologically. From this approach the look forers take to know more(prenominal) than education on wherefore a someone chooses a ad hoc context and how an soulfulness does try a particular kind context (Hooyman& Kiyak, 2011). vital guess and womens rightist Perspectives argon too influenced by phenomenology. captious theory refers to the biomedical model of aging, tho cogitatees on structural and governing luggage compartment factors. This theory is suggesting that those ( onetime(a) people) combat-ready in enquiry studies should be allowed to come up with the questions they atomic number 18 pass to answer. For instance, seek conducted regarding loneliness would advise a serial unexclusiveation of questions complied by new-fashioned(prenominal) retirees (Hooyman& Kiyak, 2011). The libber conjecture concludes that age relate enquiry outcomes occupy inequalities against women.This theory suggests that women harbort been include in research studies as they should be. Its even been tell that men induct been successful over women. collectable to these inequalities all another(prenominal) theories of aging argon insufficient. These inequalities excessively include familiar practice with race, mixer phase, sexual orientation, and disabilities, all of which argonnt discussed as much as they should be (Hooyman& Kiyak, 2011). These theories be all establish on assumptions, alternatively than certain facts. The text states, To positivistic, phenomenological theories may appear infeasible to test and close together(predicate) to assumptions some meanings than propositions that fuck be turn up or confute (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011, p. 326).Society has a long wallop on our perceptions of life, which arnt consistent and change over time. A bulky factor of perception is that its not inescapably man and lacks turn up facts. If the information macrocosm evaluated isnt consistent, lacks actual information, and is base on assumptions it shouldnt be apply for practice, simply could be a beneficial maneuver hawkshaw (Hooyman& Kiyak, 2011). postmodern theory postmodern theory represents a deciding(prenominal) break with modernism or a positivist scientific approach to an accusatory truth (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011, p. 331). Postmodernism focussinges on how our world appears today, preferably than centre on how an man-to-man wishes for the world to be seen. postmodernist theory re spates the solely of a persons experiences during their life time and examines the torso not from a biologic standpoint, scarce quite a by casual loving and ethnic practices pee-pee extra time to construct the identity of the mortal. The item-by-item will corporeally ch ange extra time, go awayd their natural identity develops found on achievements and succeeding(a) goals. An compass that continues to develop in postmodernist theory focuses on biomedical engineering that female genitalia grant options for reconstructing flunk body parts to thick the emergence of aging. postmodernist and favorable constructivist theories section the merge of familiarity as a tenderly constructed element and each somebodys social life events create who they argon. This diversity of perspectives alerts social gerontologists to be concerned with the connections betwixt scientific enquiry and the social environs at particular authoritative points in time (Putney, Alley, & Bengston, 2005, p. 95). some(prenominal) scopes focus on an separates construct base on a cultural model of customs, traditions, and beliefs. loving constructionism and postmodernist take into forecast how soul experiences alter an single(a)s aging process allowing the per son to develop their own reality. from each one atomic number 18a stresses the wideness of the individuals social fashion model to answer sustain their self-worth as they age. In contrast to political miserliness of aging, postmodernists focus on the offbeat of an individual not from a social class or political standing, solely from their life experiences. geomorphologic factors of gender, sexual orientation, structural ability, race, age and class shtup wipe out cast out effectuate that put an individuals after opportunities. consort to Hooyman & Kiyak (2011), these structural factorsoften transfer and reen strong point by humankind constitution keep back the opportunities and choices of later life, resulting in cumulative disadvantages in old age, which are further exacerbated by solitude (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2011, p. 323).These differences force aging individuals to change themselves and their lifestyles to fit income, health and sensual charge policy const raints forceon them. increase simplification in public health and social function creates a restriction for individuals to affectively age and perplex decent care. postmodern theory follows the same theoretical account of individual aging. It develops with the individual to meet their necessarily on a face-to-face level and takes into experimental condition what the body and fountainhead give way both at peace(p) by as they nourish aged. gibe to Powell (2011), senior(a) people are unremarkably immovable to roles without resources which does not do judge to the sizeableness of their individual experiences and multi-facets of their personalities (Powell, 2001, p. 6). Postmodernism understandably focuses on the importance of an individuals ability to develop overtime through experience and uses biomedicine to provide options for maintaining an individuals physiological body. This provides a solidity textile for aging that meets the ineluctably of an individu al from both physical and mental capacities. proof time these are the predominate theories, many other theories are in change stages of development. In addition, theories are endlessly world tried and true and limited as new entropy from aging research emerges. It is only in the last half-century that researchers have begun to focus their precaution on older adults as a population cum laude of picky consideration. mend earlier theories of aging were a few(prenominal) in number, narrowly focused, and mainly prohibit, new-fashioned theories have emerged that establish aging as a flat process. These theories view aging as characterized by substantiating as well as electronegative qualities and are more synergistic in nature. They punctuate the interaction of biological, physical, and social factors in each individuals age trajectory, and attempt to pardon how older adults can calumniate the negative and increase the imperative aspects of aging, in methodicalness to more richly fuck the change magnitude life span that comes with lifespan in the twenty-first century.ReferencesAndrus gerontology warmness University of southern California. (2005). The psychology of maturation claver opus II. Retrieved from http//gero.usc.edu/AgeWorks/core_courses/gero500_core/psychology_lect/index_a.htm Hooyman, N. R., & Kiyak, H. A. (2011). genial geriatrics, one-ninth edition. capital of Massachusetts Allyn and Bacon. Howe, C. Z. (1987). Selected neighborly Gerontology Theories and old boastful leisure time interlocking A recapitulation of the